Increased Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D Following Brain Injury.

ABSTRACT: Alterations in the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) A and B occur during blood⁻brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and angiogenesis following a brain injury. In this study, the temporal and spatial expression of VEGF-D and VEGF receptors-2 and -3 (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, respectively) was determined at the mRNA and protein level in the rat cortical cold-injury model over a period of 0.5 to 6 days post-injury. In order to relate endothelial VEGF-D protein expression with BBB breakdown, dual labeling immunofluorescence was performed using antibodies to VEGF-D and to fibronectin, a marker of BBB breakdown. In control rats, VEGF-D signal was only observed in scattered perivascular macrophages in the cerebral cortex. The upregulation of VEGF-D mRNA expression was observed in

SUBMITTER: Nag S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6479775 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature