Combination regimens with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors for gastrointestinal malignancies.

ABSTRACT: Gastrointestinal (GI) malignant neoplasms have a high global incidence and treatment prospects for patients with advanced GI tumors are dismal. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors emerged as a frontline treatment for several types of cancer. However, the shortcomings of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have been observed, including low objective response rates and acquired tumor resistance, especially in patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as a single treatment. Accumulating evidence from clinical trials increasingly suggests that combined immunotherapies enhance therapeutic responses in patients with malignances, especially for GI tumors which have a complex matrix, and significant molecular and immunological differences. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest there are advantages to combined immunological

SUBMITTER: Wang D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6480748 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature