Human immunodeficiency virus Type-1 single-stranded RNA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and impairs autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria in human microglia.

ABSTRACT: Despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) that fully suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV), markers of inflammation and minor neurocognitive impairment are frequently identified in HIV-infected persons. Increasing data support that low-level replication defective viral RNA is made by infected cells despite the absence of infectious virus. Specific GU-rich single-stranded RNA from the HIV long terminal repeat region (ssRNA40) signaling through toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 and -8 has been shown to induce the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in primary monocytes. Here, we examined the activation of microglial cells by HIV ssRNA40 and the potential subsequent neurotoxicity. Our findings show that exposure of human primary microglia to ssRNA40 activates the NLR fa

SUBMITTER: Rawat P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6493331 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature