Energy balance and gastrointestinal cancer: risk, interventions, outcomes and mechanisms.

ABSTRACT: Obesity increases the risk of multiple gastrointestinal cancers and worsens disease outcomes. Conversely, strong inverse associations have emerged between physical activity and colon cancer and possibly other gastrointestinal malignancies. The effect of weight loss interventions - such as modifications of diet and/or physical activity or bariatric surgery - remains unclear in patients who are obese and have gastrointestinal cancer, although large clinical trials are underway. Human intervention studies have already shed light on potential mechanisms underlying the energy balance-cancer relationship, with preclinical models supporting emerging pathway effects. Central to interventions that reduce obesity or increase physical activity are pluripotent cancer-preventive effects (including redu

SUBMITTER: Ulrich CM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6500387 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature