Dataset Information

Evaluation of the foal survival score in a Danish-Swedish population of neonatal foals upon hospital admission.

ABSTRACT:

Background

It is highly desirable to assess the probability of survival in sick neonatal foals upon admission. The foal survival score (FSS) is a published scoring system used to estimate the probability of survival in hospitalized neonatal foals <4 days old.

Hypothesis/objectives

To evaluate the ability of the FSS to predict survival in older foals from a geographically different area compared to the original study.

Animals

Five-hundred ninety hospitalized neonatal foals ≤14 days of age.

Methods

Retrospective Danish-Swedish multicenter study that included details of signalment, history, clinical examination, laboratory results, necropsy findings, and outcome. Scores and score variables were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors using logistic regression. The optimal cutoff and its test parameters were calculated using a receiver operator characteristic curve.

Results

Prematurity, cold extremities, ≥2 infectious or inflammatory sites, blood glucose concentration, and total white blood cell counts were significantly associated with nonsurvival (P ≤ .02). The optimal cutoff to predict survival was ≥6, resulting in sensitivity 78%, specificity 58%, 92% positive predictive value, and 31% negative predictive value. The test performed equally well in foals <4 days old compared to those 4-14 days old.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Using the suggested optimal cutoff of ≥6, the FSS performed moderately well and may aid in early determination of prognosis for survival. However, the FSS did perform differently in another population and therefore should be assessed under local conditions so that its diagnostic potential is not overestimated.

SUBMITTER: Bohlin A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6524090 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Evaluation of the foal survival score in a Danish-Swedish population of neonatal foals upon hospital admission.

Bohlin Anna A Saegerman Claude C Hoeberg Emma E Sånge Alexandra A Nostell Katarina K Durie Inge I Husted Louise L Öhman Anna A van Galen Gaby G

Journal of veterinary internal medicine 20190419 3

<h4>Background</h4>It is highly desirable to assess the probability of survival in sick neonatal foals upon admission. The foal survival score (FSS) is a published scoring system used to estimate the probability of survival in hospitalized neonatal foals <4 days old.<h4>Hypothesis/objectives</h4>To evaluate the ability of the FSS to predict survival in older foals from a geographically different area compared to the original study.<h4>Animals</h4>Five-hundred ninety hospitalized neonatal foals ≤ ...[more]

PMID: 31004404

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Project description:BackgroundPneumonia is a common condition in ailing neonatal foals, and it remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this veterinary patient group. Factors affecting the survival of young foals with pneumonia have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to explore the potential prognostic factors associated with survival of these foals. Fifty foals under one month of age with pneumonia were included in this retrospective clinical study. The foals were divided into groups based on survival (survived to discharge or died/euthanised during hospitalisation). Multiple clinical and laboratory variables were investigated as risk factors with univariate logistic regression analyses and subsequently with multivariate analyses. If a variable showed prediction potential in regression analysis, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted.ResultsIn univariate analysis, odds (OR, 95% CI) of non-survival were associated with higher respiratory rate (RR) on the first day after admission to hospital (D1) (1.32, 1.07-1.62, P = 0.009, for each 5-unit increase) and positive bacterial blood culture (12.08, 1.88-77.67, P = 0.009). Odds of non-survival were decreased for Standardbred breed (0.11, 0.01-0.96, P = 0.046) and for foals with longer hospitalisation, with each additional day in hospital further reducing the odds (0.59, 0.40-0.86, P = 0.006). In multivariate analysis, odds of non-survival were associated only with higher RR on D1 (1.36, 1.07-1.71, P = 0.011, for each 5-unit increase). In ROC analysis, optimal cut-off value for RR was ≥ 55/min with sensitivity 75.0% and specificity 76.3%. Based on predictive values, RR < 55/min on D1 favoured survival.ConclusionsHigher RR on D1 is a predictor of non-survival in foals with pneumonia in this study, increasing the odds of death by 36% for each 5-unit increase in RR. Respiratory rate below 55/min on D1 favours survival. These findings could assist in early identification of foals that are at increased risk of mortality, thereby aiding in treatment decisions.

Project description:BackgroundWarmblood fragile foal syndrome (WFFS) is a monogenetic defect caused by a recessive lethal missense point mutation in the procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1 gene (PLOD1, c.2032G>A). The majority of homozygous WFFS horses are aborted during gestation. Clinical signs of affected horses include fragile skin, skin and mucosa lacerations, hyperextension of the articulations, and hematomas. In spite of its harmful effect, a relatively high frequency of WFFS carriers has been found in Warmblood horses, suggesting a heterozygote advantage. Thus, in this study our aims were to: (1) estimate the frequency of WFFS carriers in the Swedish Warmblood breed (SWB), (2) estimate the effect of WFFS carrier genotype on performance traits in two SWB subpopulations bred for different disciplines, and (3) simulate the potential effects of balancing selection and different selection strategies on the frequency of carriers.MethodsIn total, 2288 SWB sport horses born between 1971 and 2020 were tested for the WFFS mutation and had estimated breeding values (EBV) for ten traditional evaluating and 50 linear descriptive traits.ResultsThe frequency of WFFS carriers calculated from a pool of 511 randomly selected SWB horses born in 2017 was equal to 7.4% and ranged from 0.0 to 12.0% among the whole set of tested SWB horses, starting from 1971 till 2020. The effect of the WFFS carrier genotype was significant for several EBV mainly related to movements and dressage traits and especially for horses not bred for the show jumping discipline. Using simulation, we showed that balancing selection can maintain a recessive lethal allele in populations such as the SWB breed over generations and that the frequency is expected to slowly decrease in absence of balancing selection. Finally, we showed that selection against carrier sires can result in a more rapid decrease of the frequency of the mutant allele over time.ConclusionFurther research is needed to confirm the apparent association between equine performance and the WFFS carrier genotype. Identification of such associations or new causative mutations for horse performance traits can serve as new tools in horse breeding to select for healthy, sustainable, and better performing horses.

Dataset Information

Evaluation of the foal survival score in a Danish-Swedish population of neonatal foals upon hospital admission.

Background

Hypothesis/objectives

Animals

Methods

Results

Conclusions and clinical importance

Publications

Evaluation of the foal survival score in a Danish-Swedish population of neonatal foals upon hospital admission.

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