Parenting and prenatal risk as moderators of genetic influences on conduct problems during middle childhood.

ABSTRACT: This study examines interactions of heritable influences, prenatal substance use, and postnatal parental warmth and hostility on the development of conduct problems in middle childhood for boys and girls. Participants are 561 linked families, collected in 2 cohorts, including birth parents, adoptive parents, and adopted children. Heritable influences on internalizing and externalizing (including substance use) problems were derived from birth mothers' and fathers' symptoms, diagnoses, and age of onset from diagnostic interviews, and the proportion of first-degree relatives with the same type of problems. Smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and alcohol use during pregnancy were assessed retrospectively from birth mothers at 5 months postpartum. Earlier externalizing problems and parental warmth

SUBMITTER: Marceau K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6533149 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature