Macronutrient metabolism by the human gut microbiome: major fermentation by-products and their impact on host health.

ABSTRACT: The human gut microbiome is a critical component of digestion, breaking down complex carbohydrates, proteins, and to a lesser extent fats that reach the lower gastrointestinal tract. This process results in a multitude of microbial metabolites that can act both locally and systemically (after being absorbed into the bloodstream). The impact of these biochemicals on human health is complex, as both potentially beneficial and potentially toxic metabolites can be yielded from such microbial pathways, and in some cases, these effects are dependent upon the metabolite concentration or organ locality. The aim of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of how macronutrient metabolism by the gut microbiome influences human health. Metabolites to be discussed include short-chain fatty aci

SUBMITTER: Oliphant K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6567490 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature