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Numerical optimization of probiotic Ayran production based on whey containing transglutaminase and Aloe vera gel.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to optimize the functional properties of probiotic Ayran. Two-level fractional factorial design with four center points was used to investigate the effect of five independent variables including, reconstructed whey protein (70-90% of milk), salt (0.5-1 g/100 g), Aloe vera gel (0-30 g/100 g), transglutaminase enzyme (0-14 unit/100 g) and storage time (1-21 days). The viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and other physicochemical properties such as pH, acidity, viscosity, sedimentation, and color were modeled and then optimized using desirability function method. Results showed that reconstructed whey protein and Aloe vera gel significantly affected the viability of L. acidophilus La-5 and other physicochemical properties (p < 0.05). The viability of L. acidophilus La-5 and viscosity decreased by increasing of whey protein percentage from 70 to 90. Maximum L. acidophilus La-5 count was observed in samples with a minimum level of whey protein and maximum level of Aloe vera gel. Milk replacement with whey protein up to 90% caused to decrease acidity and viscosity significantly but sedimentation increased (p < 0.05). Optimum condition for production of functional Ayran determined as follow: Aloe vera gel concentration: 25.7%, reconstructed whey protein: 70%, salt: 0.58% and transglutaminase enzyme: 5 unit/100 mL.

SUBMITTER: Rezazadeh-Bari M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6582091 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Numerical optimization of probiotic Ayran production based on whey containing transglutaminase and Aloe vera gel.

Rezazadeh-Bari Mahmoud M Najafi-Darmian Younes Y Alizadeh Mohammad M Amiri Saber S

Journal of food science and technology 20190610 7

The purpose of this study was to optimize the functional properties of probiotic Ayran. Two-level fractional factorial design with four center points was used to investigate the effect of five independent variables including, reconstructed whey protein (70-90% of milk), salt (0.5-1 g/100 g), Aloe vera gel (0-30 g/100 g), transglutaminase enzyme (0-14 unit/100 g) and storage time (1-21 days). The viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and other physicochemical properties such a ...[more]

PMID: 31274918

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Skin burn wound is a notable medical burden worldwide. Rapid and effective treatment of burnt skin is vital to fasten wound closure and healing properly. Amniotic graft and Aloe vera are widely used as wound managing biomaterials. Sophisticated processing, high cost, availability, and the requirement of medics for transplantation limit the application of amnion grafts. We aim to prepare a novel gel from amnion combined with the Aloe vera extract for burn wound healing which overcome the limitations of graft. METHODS:Two percent human amniotic membrane (AM), Aloe vera (AV) and AM+AV gels were prepared. In vitro cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, cell attachment, proliferation, wound healing scratch assays were performed in presence of the distinct gels. After skin irritation study, second-degree burns were induced on dorsal region of Wistar rats; and gels were applied to observe the healing potential in vivo. Besides, macroscopical measurement of wound contraction and re-epithelialization; gel treated skin was histologically investigated by Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Finally, quantitative assessment of angiogenesis, inflammation, and epithelialization was done. RESULTS:The gels were tested to be non-cytotoxic to nauplii and compatible with human blood and skin cells. Media containing 500??g/mL?AM+AV gel were observed to promote HaCaT and HFF1 cells attachment and proliferation. In vitro scratch assay demonstrated that AM+AV significantly accelerated wound closure through migration of HaCaT cells. No erythema and edema were observed in skin irritation experiments confirming the applicability of the gels. AV and AM+AV groups showed significantly accelerated wound closure through re-epithelialization and wound contraction with P?<?0.01. Macroscopically, AM and AM+AV treated wound recovery rates were 87 and 90% respectively with P?<?0.05. Histology analysis revealed significant epitheliazation and angiogenesis in AM+AV treated rats compared to control (P?<?0.05). AM+AV treated wounds had thicker regenerated epidermis, increased number of blood vessels, and greater number of proliferating keratinocytes within the epidermis. CONCLUSION:We demonstrated that a gel consisting of a combination of amnion and Aloe vera extract has high efficacy as a burn wound healing product. Amniotic membrane combined with the carrier Aloe vera in gel format is easy to produce and to apply.

Project description:BackgroundDermatophytosis in calves is a major public and veterinary health concern worldwide because of its zoonotic potential and associated economic losses in cattle farms. However, this condition has lacked adequate attention; thus, to develop effective control measures, we determined ringworm prevalence, risk factors, and the direct-sample nested PCR diagnostic indices compared with the conventional methods of dermatophytes identification. Moreover, the phenolic composition of an Aloe vera gel extract (AGE) and its in vitro and in vivo antidermatophytic activity were evaluated and compared with those of antifungal drugs.ResultsOf the 760 calves examined, 55.79% (424/760) showed ringworm lesions; 84.91% (360/424) were positive for fungal elements in direct-microscopy, and 79.72% (338/424) were positive in culture. Trichophyton verrucosum was the most frequently identified dermatophyte (90.24%). The risk of dermatophytosis was higher in 4-6-month-old vs. 1-month-old calves (60% vs. 41%), and in summer and winter compared with spring and autumn seasons (66 and 54% vs. 48%). Poor hygienic conditions, intensive breeding systems, animal raising for meat production, parasitic infestation, crossbreeding, and newly purchased animals were statistically significant risk factors for dermatophytosis. One-step PCR targeting the conserved regions of the 18S and 28S genes achieved unequivocal identification of T. verrucosum and T. mentagrophytes in hair samples. Nested-PCR exhibited an excellent performance in all tested diagnostic indices and increased the species-specific detection of dermatophytes by 20% compared with culture. Terbinafine and miconazole were the most active antifungal agents for dermatophytes. Gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, aloe-Emodin, quercetin, and rutin were the major phenolic compounds of AGE, as assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These compounds increased and synergized the antidermatophytic activity of AGE. The treated groups showed significantly lower clinical scores vs. the control group (P < 0.05). The calves were successfully treated with topical AGE (500 ppm), resulting in clinical and mycological cure within 14-28 days of the experiment; however, the recovery was achieved earlier in the topical miconazole 2% and AGE plus oral terbinafine groups.ConclusionsThe nested PCR assay provided a rapid diagnostic tool for dermatophytosis and complemented the conventional methods for initiating targeted treatments for ringworm in calves. The recognized antidermatophytic potential of AGE is an advantageous addition to the therapeutic outcomes of commercial drugs.

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Numerical optimization of probiotic Ayran production based on whey containing transglutaminase and Aloe vera gel.

Publications

Numerical optimization of probiotic Ayran production based on whey containing transglutaminase and <i>Aloe vera</i> gel.

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