Dataset Information

Salt intake and prevalence of overweight/obesity in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States: the INTERMAP Study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Several studies have reported that dietary salt intake may be an independent risk factor for overweight/obesity, but results from previous studies are controversial, reflecting study limitations such as use of a single spot urine or dietary recall to estimate daily salt intake rather than 24-h urine collections, and population samples from only a single country or center.

Objective

The aim of this study was to use data from the International Study of Macro-/Micro-nutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP Study) to explore the relation between dietary salt intake estimated from 2 timed 24-h urine collections and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) as well as prevalence of overweight/obesity in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Methods

Data were from a cross-sectional study of 4680 men and women aged 40-59 y in Japan (n = 1145), China (n = 839), the United Kingdom (n = 501), and the United States (n = 2195). General linear models were used to obtain the regression coefficients (β) of salt intake associated with BMI. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the ORs and 95% CIs of overweight/obesity associated with a 1-g/d higher dietary salt intake.

Results

After adjustment for potential confounding factors including energy intake, salt intake 1 g/d higher was associated with BMI higher by 0.28 in Japan, 0.10 in China, 0.42 in the United Kingdom, and 0.52 in the United States, all P values < 0.001. Salt intake 1 g/d higher was associated with odds of overweight/obesity 21% higher in Japan, 4% higher in China, 29% higher in the United Kingdom, and 24% higher in the United States, all P values < 0.05.

Conclusions

Salt intake is positively associated with BMI and the prevalence of overweight/obesity in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This association needs to be further confirmed in well-designed prospective studies with repeated dietary and BMI measurements.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005271.

SUBMITTER: Zhou L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6599742 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Salt intake and prevalence of overweight/obesity in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States: the INTERMAP Study.

Zhou Long L Stamler Jeremiah J Chan Queenie Q Van Horn Linda L Daviglus Martha L ML Dyer Alan R AR Miura Katsuyuki K Okuda Nagako N Wu Yangfeng Y Ueshima Hirotsugu H Elliott Paul P Zhao Liancheng L

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20190701 1

<h4>Background</h4>Several studies have reported that dietary salt intake may be an independent risk factor for overweight/obesity, but results from previous studies are controversial, reflecting study limitations such as use of a single spot urine or dietary recall to estimate daily salt intake rather than 24-h urine collections, and population samples from only a single country or center.<h4>Objective</h4>The aim of this study was to use data from the International Study of Macro-/Micro-nutrie ...[more]

PMID: 31111867

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundInformation and communication technology (ICT) has made remarkable progress in recent years and is being increasingly applied to medical research. This technology has the potential to facilitate the active involvement of research participants. Digital platforms that enable participants to be involved in the research process are called participant-centric initiatives (PCIs). Several PCIs have been reported in the literature, but no scoping reviews have been carried out. Moreover, detailed methods and features to aid in developing a clear definition of PCIs have not been sufficiently elucidated to date.ObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review is to describe the recent trends in, and features of, PCIs across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan.MethodsWe applied a methodology suggested by Levac et al to conduct this scoping review. We searched electronic databases-MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), PsycINFO, and Ichushi-Web-and sources of grey literature, as well as internet search engines-Google and Bing. We hand-searched through key journals and reference lists of the relevant articles. Medical research using ICT was eligible for inclusion if there was a description of the active involvement of the participants.ResultsUltimately, 21 PCIs were identified that have implemented practical methods and modes of various communication activities, such as patient forums and use of social media, in the field of medical research. Various methods of decision making that enable participants to become involved in setting the agenda were also evident.ConclusionsThis scoping review is the first study to analyze the detailed features of PCIs and how they are being implemented. By clarifying the modes and methods of various forms of communication and decision making with patients, this review contributes to a better understanding of patient-centric involvement, which can be facilitated by PCIs.International registered report identifier (irrid)RR2-10.2196/resprot.7407.

Project description:BackgroundRising obesity rates in the workforce are accompanied by a hidden cost burden to employers due to work productivity loss. Understanding the impact of obesity on work productivity is essential for employers to provide tailored weight loss interventions in the workplace.ObjectivesTo measure work loss and associated productivity costs among employees with overweight/obesity compared with employees with normal weight.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used the MerativeTM MarketScan® Health and Productivity Management Database to identify adult employees with ≥1 diagnosis code reporting a body mass index (BMI) between 1/1/2015-12/31/2019. Based on the earliest BMI, employees were assigned to normal weight (BMI 19-24.9), overweight (BMI 25-29.9), obesity class 1 (BMI 30-34.9), obesity class 2 (BMI 35-39.9), and obesity class 3 (BMI ≥40) cohorts. Among employees with data for each work loss category (absenteeism, short-term disability [STD], long-term disability [LTD], worker's compensation [WC]) during the 12-month follow-up, the percentage of employees with work loss, number of hours/days lost, and associated productivity costs were reported.Results719,482 employees (normal weight: 106,631, overweight: 230,637, obesity class 1: 185,850, obesity class 2: 101,909, obesity class 3: 94,455) were included. Outcomes increased with each higher BMI category for the mean number of absence hours ([in order of BMI category]: 262, 273, 285, 290, 304) and percentage of employees with a claim (STD: 6.8%, 7.6%, 9.7%, 11.7%, 17.0%; LTD: 0.4%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%; WC: 2.7%, 2.8%, 3.4%, 3.6%, 3.5%). Estimated costs to the employer associated with absenteeism, STD, LTD, and WC were $1,036, $611, $38, and $95 higher per year (respectively) in the obesity class 3 cohort relative to the normal weight cohort.ConclusionsThis real-world analysis demonstrated that employees with overweight/obesity had higher loss of work productivity compared with employees with normal weight. Further studies are warranted to determine the long-term impacts on work productivity loss if overweight and obesity are left untreated.

Dataset Information

Salt intake and prevalence of overweight/obesity in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States: the INTERMAP Study.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Salt intake and prevalence of overweight/obesity in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States: the INTERMAP Study.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets