The Evolution of Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Chronic Pain: Forward-Looking Perspectives.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The field of neuromodulation is continually evolving, with the past decade showing significant advancement in the therapeutic efficacy of neuromodulation procedures. The continued evolution of neuromodulation technology brings with it the promise of addressing the needs of both patients and physicians, as current technology improves and clinical applications expand.

Design

This review highlights the current state of the art of neuromodulation for treating chronic pain, describes key areas of development including stimulation patterns and neural targets, expanding indications and applications, feedback-controlled systems, noninvasive approaches, and biomarkers for neuromodulation and technology miniaturization.

Results and conclusions

The field of neuromodul

SUBMITTER: Fishman MA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6600066 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature