Dataset Information

External rotation bracing for first-time anterior dislocation of the shoulder: A discontinued randomised controlled trial comparing external rotation bracing with conventional sling.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Itoi et al. introduced the concept of bracing in abduction and external rotation to treat traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations. However, controversy remains as studies have reported variable results. Our study investigates whether there is a difference in outcomes between treatment with a conventional sling or external rotation brace.

Methods

A prospective, multi-centre randomised control trial was conducted between 2006 and 2010. The study was discontinued early with 72 (36 cases in each group) first-time anterior shoulder dislocations recruited.

Results

The re-dislocation rate over 24 months was comparable 30% (95% CI: 17-47) sling vs. 24% (95% CI: 13-41) external rotation bracing. Sixteen percent (95% CI: 7-32) of sling patients and 12% (95% CI: 5-27) of external rotation-bracing patients had shoulder stabilisation surgery within 24 months of the initial dislocation (p > 0.05). There was no difference in OSI scores at 24 months between the two treatment groups and intolerability of the external rotation brace was high.

Conclusion

Recruitment to this study was difficult, and lost-to-follow-up rates were high leading to early discontinuation of the study. The results suggest that ER bracing is unlikely to provide clinical benefit in traumatic first-time anterior shoulder dislocation.

SUBMITTER: Chan SK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6620796 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

External rotation bracing for first-time anterior dislocation of the shoulder: A discontinued randomised controlled trial comparing external rotation bracing with conventional sling.

Chan Samuel Kl SK Bentick Kieran R KR Kuiper Jan H JH Kelly Cormac P CP

Shoulder & elbow 20180426 4

<h4>Introduction</h4>Itoi et al. introduced the concept of bracing in abduction and external rotation to treat traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations. However, controversy remains as studies have reported variable results. Our study investigates whether there is a difference in outcomes between treatment with a conventional sling or external rotation brace.<h4>Methods</h4>A prospective, multi-centre randomised control trial was conducted between 2006 and 2010. The study was discontinued early ...[more]

PMID: 31316586

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Project description:BackgroundThe traditional treatment for primary anterior shoulder dislocations has been immobilization in a sling with the arm in a position of adduction and internal rotation. However, recent basic science and clinical data have suggested recurrent instability may be reduced with immobilization in external rotation after primary shoulder dislocation.Questions/purposesWe performed a randomized controlled trial to compare the (1) frequency of recurrent instability and (2) disease-specific quality-of-life scores after treatment of first-time shoulder dislocation using either immobilization in external rotation or immobilization in internal rotation in a group of young patients.MethodsSixty patients younger than 35 years of age with primary, traumatic, anterior shoulder dislocations were randomized (concealed, computer-generated) to immobilization with either an internal rotation sling (n = 29) or an external rotation brace (n = 31) at a mean of 4 days after closed reduction (range, 1-7 days). Patients with large bony lesions or polytrauma were excluded. The two groups were similar at baseline. Both groups were immobilized for 4 weeks with identical therapy protocols thereafter. Blinded assessments were completed by independent observers for a minimum of 12 months (mean, 25 months; range, 12-43 months). Recurrent instability was defined as a second documented anterior dislocation or multiple episodes of shoulder subluxation severe enough for the patient to request surgical stabilization. Validated disease-specific quality-of-life data (Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index [WOSI], American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons evaluation [ASES]) were also collected. Ten patients (17%, five from each group) were lost to followup. Reported compliance with immobilization in both groups was excellent (80%).ResultsWith the numbers available, there was no difference in the rate of recurrent instability between groups: 10 of 27 patients (37%) with the external rotation brace versus 10 of 25 patients (40%) with the sling redislocated or developed symptomatic recurrent instability (p = 0.41). WOSI scores were not different between groups (p = 0.74) and, although the difference in ASES scores approached statistical significance (p = 0.05), the magnitude of this difference was small and of uncertain clinical importance.ConclusionsDespite previous published findings, our results show immobilization in external rotation did not confer a significant benefit versus sling immobilization in the prevention of recurrent instability after primary anterior shoulder dislocation. Further studies with larger numbers may elucidate whether functional outcomes, compliance, or comfort with immobilization can be improved with this device.Level of evidenceLevel I, therapeutic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Project description:BackgroundThe middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) is one of the three ligaments that stabilize the anterior capsule of the shoulder. Recent work suggests that it inserts distally into the deep layer of the subscapularis tendon. The role of the MGHL remains debated. The hypothesis of this study was that the MGHL plays a significant functional role in limiting external rotation of the shoulder while allowing a wide range of motion through its distal insertion into the subscapularis rather than directly onto the humerus.MethodsIn a cadaveric study performed on 20 shoulders (10 subjects), the MGHL and the other anterior structures of the shoulder were successively cut according to a standardized protocol. At each stage, the external rotation range of the shoulder was measured with the arm at the side (ER 1) and in 90° abduction (ER 2) using a goniometer. After dissection, the structure of the MGHL and its distal insertion were analyzed.ResultsCutting the MGHL led to significant increases in ER 1 but not in ER 2. Shoulder range of motion in ER 1 increased on average by 15 ± 5° (P < .001) after cutting the MGHL and by 21 ± 11° (P < .001) after subscapularis peel. The range of motion in ER 2 increased by 3 ± 4° (P = .048) after cutting the MGHL, by 4 ± 6° (P = .02) after subscapularis peel and by 25 ± 8° (P < .001) after cutting the inferior glenohumeral ligament. The MGHL was present in all dissected shoulders. It was leaf-like in 12 cases, cord-like in 6 cases and had a vestigial appearance in 2 cases. The distal insertion was in all cases in the deep layer of the subscapularis in a thickening of the anterior capsule in the superior part of the muscle, except for two cases in which the tendinous part of the subscapularis was also involved.ConclusionThe MGHL limited shoulder external rotation by a similar amount as the subscapularis muscle. Further studies are required to understand the clinical relevance of these findings, notably for the treatment of shoulder stiffness.

Dataset Information

External rotation bracing for first-time anterior dislocation of the shoulder: A discontinued randomised controlled trial comparing external rotation bracing with conventional sling.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

External rotation bracing for first-time anterior dislocation of the shoulder: A discontinued randomised controlled trial comparing external rotation bracing with conventional sling.

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