Triterpenoids in Echinoderms: Fundamental Differences in Diversity and Biosynthetic Pathways.

ABSTRACT: Echinoderms form a remarkable phylum of marine invertebrates that present specific chemical signatures unique in the animal kingdom. It is particularly the case for essential triterpenoids that evolved separately in each of the five echinoderm classes. Indeed, while most animals have Δ⁵-sterols, sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) and sea stars (Asteroidea) also possess Δ⁷ and Δ⁹⁽¹¹⁾-sterols, a characteristic not shared with brittle stars (Ophiuroidea), sea urchins (Echinoidea), and crinoids (Crinoidea). These particular Δ⁷ and Δ⁹⁽¹¹⁾ sterols emerged as a self-protection against membranolytic saponins that only sea cucumbers and sea stars produce as a defense mechanism. The diversity of saponins is large; several hundred molecules have been

SUBMITTER: Claereboudt EJS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6627624 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature