Dataset Information

Simultaneous Synthesis of Vitamins D₂, D₄, D₅, D₆, and D₇ from Commercially Available Phytosterol, ?-Sitosterol, and Identification of Each Vitamin D by HSQC NMR.

ABSTRACT: We succeeded in simultaneously synthesizing the vitamin D family, vitamins D₂, D₄, D₅, D₆, and D₇, from ?-sitosterol, which is sold as a commercially available reagent from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. It is officially sold as a mixture of four phytosterols {?-sitosterol (40-45%), campesterol (20-30%), stigmasterol, and brassicasterol}. Owing to this, we anticipated that, using this reagent, various vitamin D analogs could be synthesized simultaneously. We also synthesized vitamin D₃ from pure cholesterol and analyzed and compared all vitamin D analogs (D₂, D₃, D₄, D₅, D₆, and D₇) by HSQC NMR. We succeeded in clearly demonstrating the difference in the NMR chemical shifts for each vitamin D analog.

SUBMITTER: Komba S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6630616 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Simultaneous Synthesis of Vitamins D2, D4, D5, D6, and D7 from Commercially Available Phytosterol, β-Sitosterol, and Identification of Each Vitamin D by HSQC NMR.

Komba Shiro S Kotake-Nara Eiichi E Tsuzuki Wakako W

Metabolites 20190606 6

We succeeded in simultaneously synthesizing the vitamin D family, vitamins D2, D4, D5, D6, and D7, from β-sitosterol, which is sold as a commercially available reagent from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. It is officially sold as a mixture of four phytosterols {β-sitosterol (40-45%), campesterol (20-30%), stigmasterol, and brassicasterol}. Owing to this, we anticipated that, using this reagent, various vitamin D analogs could be synthesize ...[more]

PMID: 31174367

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Project description:PurposeWhether there are differences in the pregnancy outcomes of blastocysts cryopreserved during different developmental stages remains under debate because the results among studies are inconsistent. We analyzed blastocyst quality and pregnancy outcomes by considering blastocyst euploidy and investigated the differences in the development potential between blastocysts of different developmental stages (frozen-thawed day 5 [D5] and day 6 [D6] cycles) and their relationship with clinical pregnancy outcomes.MethodsIn total, 1374 D5 and 255 D6 frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles were retrospectively analyzed. Additionally, the chromosome euploidy and clinical pregnancy rates of 237 blastocysts from 50 pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGS) cycles were statistically analyzed. The corresponding euploidy rate and pregnancy outcomes of the D5 and D6 blastocyst transfers were also compared.ResultsThe clinical pregnancy rate (47.2 vs 40.0 %; P = 0.04) and implantation rate (34.2 vs 28.8 %; P = 0.03) of the D5 blastocysts were higher than were those of the D6 blastocysts. However, the clinical pregnancy rate (52.4 vs 52.6 %; P = 0.97) and implantation rate (38.9 vs 35.6 %; P = 0.39) of the high-quality D5 blastocysts did not significantly differ from those of the high-quality D6 blastocysts. Analysis of blastocyst euploidy in 237 blastocysts examined in 50 PGS cycles showed that the euploidy rates of the D5 and D6 blastocysts were both 48.1 % (P = 0.99). The clinical pregnancy rate of the D5 blastocysts (48.5 vs 17.6 %; P = 0.03) was higher than that of the D6 blastocysts. The euploidy rates (55.2 vs 55.3 %; P = 0.99) and clinical pregnancy rates (60.0 vs 42.9 %; P = 0.77) of the high-quality D5 and D6 blastocysts did not differ. The euploidy rate (55.3 vs 41.5 %, P = 0.03) and clinical pregnancy rate (54.5 vs 25.0 %, P = 0.03) of the high-quality blastocysts were higher than were those of the poor-quality blastocysts.ConclusionsThe euploidy rates between the D5 and D6 blastocysts did not differ. High-quality D6 blastocysts in frozen-thawed cycles had similar developmental potential and pregnancy outcomes compared to those of high-quality D5 blastocysts. The quality of the blastocysts was an important factor that affected the pregnancy outcomes of the frozen-thawed cycles.

Project description:BackgroundVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the corresponding receptors play key role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis processes. VEGF is one of the prime candidates in regulating embryo implantation by increasing vascular permeability. VEGF receptor-2, also called Flk-1/KDR, is one of the prime receptor which is actively involved in the execution of various functions of VEGF. However, precise role of this receptor during early gestation period is yet to be addressed. In the present study, expression of Flk-1/KDR during peri-implantation mice uterus as well as fetal-maternal tissues from day 4-day 7 (D4-D7) of gestation was investigated.Materials and methodsIn this experimental study, localization of Flk-1/KDR was investigated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques, in paraffin embedded tissue sections. Flk-1/KDR protein and mRNA expressions were investigated by western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Effects of ovarian steroids on expression of Flk-1/KDR were also assessed by estrogen and progesterone antagonist treatment.ResultsUterine tissue on D4 showed strong expression of Flk-1/KDR in luminal and uterine glandular epithelium. On D5 and D6, differential expression of Flk-1/KDR was evidenced in certain cell types of the embryo, maternal tissues and fetal-maternal interface with varied intensity. Flk-1/KDR was specifically expressed in the ectoplacental cone (EPC) and various cells of the embryo on D7. Flk-1/KDR expression was not evidenced in the estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) antagonist treated uterus. Western blotting result revealed presence of Flk-1/KDR protein in the all gestation days, except antagonist treated uterus. qRT-PCR analysis showed significant increase of Flk-1/KDR mRNA transcript on D6 and D7.ConclusionSpatial-temporal expression of Flk-1/KDR during peri-implntation period in mice uterus especially in the feto-maternal interface was observed. This spatio-temporal specificity as well as increased expression of Flk-1/KDR could be one of the determinants for establishment of fetal-maternal cross talk during the critical period of development.

Dataset Information

Simultaneous Synthesis of Vitamins D₂, D₄, D₅, D₆, and D₇ from Commercially Available Phytosterol, ?-Sitosterol, and Identification of Each Vitamin D by HSQC NMR.

Publications

Simultaneous Synthesis of Vitamins D<sub>2</sub>, D<sub>4</sub>, D<sub>5</sub>, D<sub>6</sub>, and D<sub>7</sub> from Commercially Available Phytosterol, β-Sitosterol, and Identification of Each Vitamin D by HSQC NMR.

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Dataset Information

Simultaneous Synthesis of Vitamins D2, D4, D5, D6, and D7 from Commercially Available Phytosterol, ?-Sitosterol, and Identification of Each Vitamin D by HSQC NMR.

Publications

Simultaneous Synthesis of Vitamins D<sub>2</sub>, D<sub>4</sub>, D<sub>5</sub>, D<sub>6</sub>, and D<sub>7</sub> from Commercially Available Phytosterol, β-Sitosterol, and Identification of Each Vitamin D by HSQC NMR.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

Simultaneous Synthesis of Vitamins D₂, D₄, D₅, D₆, and D₇ from Commercially Available Phytosterol, ?-Sitosterol, and Identification of Each Vitamin D by HSQC NMR.