Dataset Information

Opening TRPP2 (PKD2L1) requires the transfer of gating charges.

ABSTRACT: The opening of voltage-gated ion channels is initiated by transfer of gating charges that sense the electric field across the membrane. Although transient receptor potential ion channels (TRP) are members of this family, their opening is not intrinsically linked to membrane potential, and they are generally not considered voltage gated. Here we demonstrate that TRPP2, a member of the polycystin subfamily of TRP channels encoded by the PKD2L1 gene, is an exception to this rule. TRPP2 borrows a biophysical riff from canonical voltage-gated ion channels, using 2 gating charges found in its fourth transmembrane segment (S4) to control its conductive state. Rosetta structural prediction demonstrates that the S4 undergoes ∼3- to 5-Å transitional and lateral movements during depolarization, which are coupled to opening of the channel pore. Here both gating charges form state-dependent cation-π interactions within the voltage sensor domain (VSD) during membrane depolarization. Our data demonstrate that the transfer of a single gating charge per channel subunit is requisite for voltage, temperature, and osmotic swell polymodal gating of TRPP2. Taken together, we find that irrespective of stimuli, TRPP2 channel opening is dependent on activation of its VSDs.

SUBMITTER: Ng LCT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6681712 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Opening TRPP2 (<i>PKD2L1</i>) requires the transfer of gating charges.

Ng Leo C T LCT Vien Thuy N TN Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir V DeCaen Paul G PG

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20190717 31

The opening of voltage-gated ion channels is initiated by transfer of gating charges that sense the electric field across the membrane. Although transient receptor potential ion channels (TRP) are members of this family, their opening is not intrinsically linked to membrane potential, and they are generally not considered voltage gated. Here we demonstrate that TRPP2, a member of the polycystin subfamily of TRP channels encoded by the <i>PKD2L1</i> gene, is an exception to this rule. TRPP2 borro ...[more]

PMID: 31315976

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Project description:Allosteric ligands modulate protein activity by altering the energy landscape of conformational space in ligand-protein complexes. Here we investigate how ligand binding to a K+ channel's voltage sensor allosterically modulates opening of its K+-conductive pore. The tarantula venom peptide guangxitoxin-1E (GxTx) binds to the voltage sensors of the rat voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channel Kv2.1 and acts as a partial inverse agonist. When bound to GxTx, Kv2.1 activates more slowly, deactivates more rapidly, and requires more positive voltage to reach the same K+-conductance as the unbound channel. Further, activation kinetics are more sigmoidal, indicating that multiple conformational changes coupled to opening are modulated. Single-channel current amplitudes reveal that each channel opens to full conductance when GxTx is bound. Inhibition of Kv2.1 channels by GxTx results from decreased open probability due to increased occurrence of long-lived closed states; the time constant of the final pore opening step itself is not impacted by GxTx. When intracellular potential is less than 0 mV, GxTx traps the gating charges on Kv2.1's voltage sensors in their most intracellular position. Gating charges translocate at positive voltages, however, indicating that GxTx stabilizes the most intracellular conformation of the voltage sensors (their resting conformation). Kinetic modeling suggests a modulatory mechanism: GxTx reduces the probability of voltage sensors activating, giving the pore opening step less frequent opportunities to occur. This mechanism results in K+-conductance activation kinetics that are voltage-dependent, even if pore opening (the rate-limiting step) has no inherent voltage dependence. We conclude that GxTx stabilizes voltage sensors in a resting conformation, and inhibits K+ currents by limiting opportunities for the channel pore to open, but has little, if any, direct effect on the microscopic kinetics of pore opening. The impact of GxTx on channel gating suggests that Kv2.1's pore opening step does not involve movement of its voltage sensors.

Dataset Information

Opening TRPP2 (PKD2L1) requires the transfer of gating charges.

Publications

Opening TRPP2 (<i>PKD2L1</i>) requires the transfer of gating charges.

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