Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

A review of the mechanism by which exploding bridge-wire detonators function.

ABSTRACT: An introduction to exploding bridge-wire (EBW) detonators is given followed by an extensive critical review of open source literature pertaining to these devices. The aim is to better establish the mechanism of operation. Some authors state that the key mechanism is shock-to-detonation while others maintain it is more thermal in nature, or a complex combination of both. In addition to EBW detonators, arc detonators and direct optical initiation detonators are also reviewed, and it is demonstrated that in this manner the usually coupled effects from both shock and deflagration can be somewhat decoupled. As a result, it is hypothesized that the mechanism of operation in all three detonators is in fact the same: the formation of a hot plasma with a power of ≈1 MW and emission in the ultraviolet drives a thermal explosion process.

SUBMITTER: Rae PJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6694310 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

A review of the mechanism by which exploding bridge-wire detonators function.

Rae P J PJ Dickson P M PM

Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences 20190717 2227

An introduction to exploding bridge-wire (EBW) detonators is given followed by an extensive critical review of open source literature pertaining to these devices. The aim is to better establish the mechanism of operation. Some authors state that the key mechanism is shock-to-detonation while others maintain it is more thermal in nature, or a complex combination of both. In addition to EBW detonators, arc detonators and direct optical initiation detonators are also reviewed, and it is demonstrate ...[more]

PMID: 31423094

Similar Datasets

Flexible Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors: One-Step Green Synthesis of NiO Nanoporous Films via an Electro-Exploding Wire Technique.

Project description:In this study, we successfully synthesized nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs), i.e., samples NiO 24V, NiO 36V, and NiO 48V, via an environmentally friendly one-step electro-exploding wire technique by employing three distinct voltage levels of 24, 36, and 48 V, respectively. Sample NiO 48V showed the most rugged surface and smallest particle size, which helped to enhance electrocatalytic properties. The highest Ni3+ content of sample NiO 48V contributed to the increasing redox current and rendering highly enhanced chemical reactions and thereby improving their electrochemical properties and electrocatalytic performance in the glucose oxidation processes in alkaline (0.1 M NaOH, pH = 13) media. The NiO 48V electrode showcased an excellent linear detection range spanning from 0.1 to 1 mM, featuring a remarkable sensitivity of 1202 μA mM-1 cm-2 and an exceptionally low limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.25 μM. Remarkably, NiO NPs exhibited exceptional long-term stability, commendable reproducibility, favorable repeatability, and outstanding selectivity. This study also highlights the excellent operational performance of the NiO 48V electrode in real-world samples, such as commercially available beverages and human urine, highlighting the practical nature of these nonenzymatic sensors in real-life scenarios for the food industries, clinical diagnostics, and biotechnology applications.

| S-EPMC11615849 | biostudies-literature

Wire-like charge transport at near constant bridge energy through fluorene oligomers.

Project description:The study of photoinitiated electron transfer in donor-bridge-acceptor molecules has helped elucidate the distance dependence of electron transfer rates and behavior of various electron transfer mechanisms. In all reported cases, the energies of the bridge electronic states involved in the electron transfer change dramatically as the length of the bridge is varied. We report here, in contrast, an instance in which the length of the bridge, and therefore the distance over which the electron is transferred, can be varied without significantly changing the energies of the relevant bridge states. A series of donor-bridge-acceptor molecules having phenothiazine (PTZ) donors, 2,7-oligofluorene (FL(n)) bridges, and perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) acceptors was studied. Photoexcitation of PDI to its lowest excited singlet state results in oxidation of PTZ via the FL(n) bridge. In toluene, the rate constants for both charge separation and recombination as well as the energy levels of the relevant FL(n)(+.) bridge states for n = 1-4 are only weakly distance dependent. After the initial photo-generation of (1)(PTZ(+.)-FL(n)-PDI(-.)), radical pair intersystem crossing results in formation of (3)(PTZ(+.)-FL(n)-PDI(-.)) that recombines to give (3.)PDI. The dependence of the (3.)PDI yield on an applied magnetic field shows a resonance, which gives the singlet-triplet splitting, 2J, of the radical ion pair. The magnitude of 2J directly monitors the contribution of coherent charge transfer (superexchange) to the overall electron transfer rate. These data show that charge recombination through FL(n) is dominated by incoherent hopping at long distances.

| S-EPMC553316 | biostudies-literature

A new pancreatic guidewire-assisted biliary cannulation technique using double soft-tipped guidewire: wire bridge cannulation.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC11009448 | biostudies-literature

Structural mechanism of bridge RNA-guided recombination.

Project description:Insertion sequence (IS) elements are the simplest autonomous transposable elements found in prokaryotic genomes1. We recently discovered that IS110 family elements encode a recombinase and a non-coding bridge RNA (bRNA) that confers modular specificity for target DNA and donor DNA through two programmable loops2. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the IS110 recombinase in complex with its bRNA, target DNA and donor DNA in three different stages of the recombination reaction cycle. The IS110 synaptic complex comprises two recombinase dimers, one of which houses the target-binding loop of the bRNA and binds to target DNA, whereas the other coordinates the bRNA donor-binding loop and donor DNA. We uncovered the formation of a composite RuvC-Tnp active site that spans the two dimers, positioning the catalytic serine residues adjacent to the recombination sites in both target and donor DNA. A comparison of the three structures revealed that (1) the top strands of target and donor DNA are cleaved at the composite active sites to form covalent 5'-phosphoserine intermediates, (2) the cleaved DNA strands are exchanged and religated to create a Holliday junction intermediate, and (3) this intermediate is subsequently resolved by cleavage of the bottom strands. Overall, this study reveals the mechanism by which a bispecific RNA confers target and donor DNA specificity to IS110 recombinases for programmable DNA recombination.

| S-EPMC11208158 | biostudies-literature

Mr Buckley's exploding trousers and other scientific observations

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC1255830 | biostudies-literature

Graphene Formation through Pulsed Wire Discharge of Graphite Strips in Water: Exfoliation Mechanism.

Project description:This study aims to clarify the mechanism of exfoliation of graphene through electrical pulsed wire discharge (PWD) of a graphite strip, made by the compression of inexpensive expanded graphite in water. The explosion of the graphite strip was visualized using a high-speed video camera. During the energized heating of the sample, explosions, accompanied by shock waves due to expansion of gas inside the sample, occurred at various locations of the sample, and the sample started to expand rapidly. The exfoliated graphene was observed as a region with low light transmittance. The PWD phenomenon of graphite strips, a type of porous material, is reasonably explained by the change in electrical resistivity of the sample during discharge and the light emission due to energy transition of the excited gas.

| S-EPMC8148139 | biostudies-literature

Isotope effects suggest a stepwise mechanism for berberine bridge enzyme.

Project description:The flavoprotein Berberine Bridge Enzyme (BBE) catalyzes the regioselective oxidative cyclization of (S)-reticuline to (S)-scoulerine in an alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. A series of solvent and substrate deuterium kinetic isotope effect studies were conducted to discriminate between a concerted mechanism, in which deprotonation of the substrate phenol occurs before or during the transfer of a hydride from the substrate to the flavin cofactor and substrate cyclization, and a stepwise mechanism, in which hydride transfer results in the formation of a methylene iminium ion intermediate that is subsequently cyclized. The substrate deuterium isotope effect of 3.5 on k(red), the rate constant for flavin reduction, is pH-independent, indicating that C-H bond cleavage is rate-limiting during flavin reduction. Solvent isotope effects on k(red) are equal to 1 for both wild-type BBE and the E417Q mutant, indicating that solvent exchangeable protons are not in flight during or before flavin reduction, thus eliminating a fully concerted mechanism as a possibility for catalysis by BBE. An intermediate was not detected by rapid chemical quench or continuous-flow mass spectrometry experiments, indicating that it must be short-lived.

| S-EPMC3465707 | biostudies-literature

Exploding Head Syndrome Accompanied by Repeating Panic Attacks: A Case Report.

Project description:To the best of our knowledge, we report here for the first time a case of exploding head syndrome (EHS) that caused repeating panic attacks. A 62-year-old woman experienced a sudden sensation of a loud noise just before going to sleep. The frequency of these episodes rapidly increased to multiple times per night, and she soon began to fear sleep, which led to the occurrence of nighttime panic attacks. She was diagnosed with EHS at our sleep clinic, and clonazepam was prescribed accompanied by reassurance about the benign nature of this syndrome. The intensity of the loud noise gradually reduced, and her fear of sleep and panic attacks disappeared at around the same time. In this report, we argue the importance of gaining further knowledge about EHS, including that about complicating psychiatric symptoms and that about its treatment.

| S-EPMC7862109 | biostudies-literature

Under Review

Project description:Samples from papers under review

| PRJEB16131 | ENA

INAVA-ARNO complexes bridge mucosal barrier function with inflammatory signaling.

Project description:Homeostasis at mucosal surfaces requires cross-talk between the environment and barrier epithelial cells. Disruption of barrier function typifies mucosal disease. Here we elucidate a bifunctional role in coordinating this cross-talk for the inflammatory bowel disease risk-gene INAVA. Both activities require INAVA's DUF3338 domain (renamed CUPID). CUPID stably binds the cytohesin ARF-GEF ARNO to effect lateral membrane F-actin assembly underlying cell-cell junctions and barrier function. Unexpectedly, when bound to CUPID, ARNO affects F-actin dynamics in the absence of its canonical activity as a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor. Upon exposure to IL-1β, INAVA relocates to form cytosolic puncta, where CUPID amplifies TRAF6-dependent polyubiquitination and inflammatory signaling. In this case, ARNO binding to CUPID negatively-regulates polyubiquitination and the inflammatory response. INAVA and ARNO act similarly in primary human macrophages responding to IL-1β and to NOD2 agonists. Thus, INAVA-CUPID exhibits dual functions, coordinated directly by ARNO, that bridge epithelial barrier function with extracellular signals and inflammation.

| S-EPMC6226287 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data