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LGBTIQ+ Homelessness: A Review of the Literature.

ABSTRACT: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, and Queer (LGBTIQ+) people's experiences of homelessness is an under-explored area of housing and homelessness studies, despite this group making up 20-40% of homeless populations. Despite this, much of the existing literature focuses on specific elements of LGBTIQ+ homelessness, and often does not consider the intersections of these elements, instead placing them into individual siloes. Our approach is an intersectional one; this paper identifies the key themes in the existing research, and analyses how these themes interact to reinforce the discrimination and stigma faced by LGBTIQ+ people who experience homelessness. This intersectional-systems thinking approach to LGBTIQ+ homelessness can be used to develop well-informed, culturally sensitive support programmes.

SUBMITTER: Fraser B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6695950 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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LGBTIQ+ Homelessness: A Review of the Literature.

Fraser Brodie B Pierse Nevil N Chisholm Elinor E Cook Hera H

International journal of environmental research and public health 20190726 15

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, and Queer (LGBTIQ+) people's experiences of homelessness is an under-explored area of housing and homelessness studies, despite this group making up 20-40% of homeless populations. Despite this, much of the existing literature focuses on specific elements of LGBTIQ+ homelessness, and often does not consider the intersections of these elements, instead placing them into individual siloes. Our approach is an intersectional one; this paper identifies t ...[more]

PMID: 31357432

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Project description:BackgroundHomelessness is a growing public health challenge in the United Kingdom and internationally, with major consequences for physical and mental health. Women represent a particularly vulnerable subgroup of the homeless population, with some evidence suggesting that they suffer worse mental health outcomes than their male counterparts. Interventions aimed at improving the lives of homeless women have the potential to enhance mental health and reduce the burden of mental illness in this population. This review synthesised the evidence on the effectiveness and acceptability of interventions which aim to improve mental health outcomes in homeless women.MethodsFive electronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, ASSIA and EMBASE, were searched. Studies were included if they measured the effectiveness or acceptability of any intervention in improving mental health outcomes in homeless women. Study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool. A narrative summary of the study findings in relation to the research questions was produced.ResultsThirty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, there was moderate evidence of the effectiveness of interventions in improving mental health outcomes in homeless women, both immediately post-intervention and at later follow-up. The strongest evidence was for the effectiveness of psychotherapy interventions. There was also evidence that homeless women find interventions aimed at improving mental health outcomes acceptable and helpful.ConclusionsHeterogeneity in intervention and study methodology limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions about the extent to which different categories of intervention improve mental health outcomes in homeless women. Future research should focus on lesser-studied intervention categories, subgroups of homeless women and mental health outcomes. More in-depth qualitative research of factors that enhance or diminish the acceptability of mental health interventions to homeless women is also required.

Project description:BackgroundYoung people (aged 12-25 years) with diverse sexuality, gender, or bodily characteristics, such as those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or queer (LGBTIQ+), are at substantially greater risk of a range of mental, physical, and sexual health difficulties compared with their peers. Digital health interventions have been identified as a potential way to reduce these health disparities.ObjectiveThis review aims to summarize the characteristics of existing evidence-based digital health interventions for LGBTIQ+ young people and to describe the evidence for their effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using internet databases and gray literature sources, and the results were screened for inclusion. The included studies were synthesized qualitatively.ResultsThe search identified 38 studies of 24 unique interventions seeking to address mental, physical, or sexual health-related concerns in LGBTIQ+ young people. Substantially more evidence-based interventions existed for gay and bisexual men than for any other population group, and there were more interventions related to risk reduction of sexually transmitted infections than to any other health concern. There was some evidence for the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of these interventions overall; however, the quality of evidence is often lacking.ConclusionsThere is sufficient evidence to suggest that targeted digital health interventions are an important focus for future research aimed at addressing health difficulties in LGBTIQ+ young people. Additional digital health interventions are needed for a wider range of health difficulties, particularly in terms of mental and physical health concerns, as well as more targeted interventions for same gender-attracted women, trans and gender-diverse people, and people with intersex variations.Trial registrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020128164; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=128164.

Project description:Background: One of the most serious complications of cranial radiotherapy is the development of radiation-induced glioma, which is estimated to occur in 1 to 4% of patients who have received cranial irradiation and has a worse prognosis than sporadic glioblastoma. To date, owing to its rarity, no standard of care has been established for radiation-induced glioma. Although comprehensive genetic analysis has recently uncovered the molecular characteristics of radiation-induced glioma, the full picture remains unclear, and the molecular features associated with treatment response and prognosis are poorly understood. Case presentation: A 45-year-old man presented with generalized seizures caused by multiple brain tumors involving the right frontal lobe, thalamus, and brainstem. The patient had a history of whole-brain radiotherapy for the recurrence of Burkitt's lymphoma at the age of 12. He underwent craniotomy, and the histological diagnosis was a high-grade glioma with isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype, which was presumed to be a radiation-induced glioma that developed 33 years after whole-brain irradiation. The Heidelberg DNA-methylation brain classifier most closely matched diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, receptor tyrosine kinase-1 subtype, which is a typical methylation class of radiation-induced glioma. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction showed that the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene promoter was unmethylated. Next-generation sequencing identified CDKN2A/B deletion as well as co-amplification of several receptor tyrosine kinase-encoding genes including PDGFRA, KIT, and KDR, which are all located on chromosome 4q12. Amplification of this region is present broadly across cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis in sporadic glioblastoma. Nevertheless, the patient received conventional chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide. Subsequent multimodal imaging with magnetic resonance imaging and 11C-methionine positron emission tomography revealed complete remission of all lesions. Two years later, the patient is currently alive with a favorable performance status. Conclusions: Despite radiation-induced glioma with molecular features suggestive of an aggressive phenotype, our patient unexpectedly responded well to conventional chemoradiotherapy, resulting in complete remission that is exceptional in sporadic glioblastoma. Our case indicates that some of the radiation-induced gliomas may have distinct molecular characteristics involved in the therapeutic response that differ from those of sporadic glioblastomas.

Dataset Information

LGBTIQ+ Homelessness: A Review of the Literature.

Publications

LGBTIQ+ Homelessness: A Review of the Literature.

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