Effects of immediate versus gradual nicotine reduction in cigarettes on biomarkers of biological effects.

ABSTRACT:

Aim

A previous study showed significantly greater reductions in number of cigarettes smoked and biomarkers of toxicant and carcinogen exposure in smokers assigned to immediate reduction of nicotine in cigarettes to very low levels versus gradually over time or continued smoking of normal nicotine content cigarettes. This study examines the effects of these approaches on selected biomarkers associated with harmful biological effects.

Design

Three-arm, randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Ten United States academic institutional sites.

Participants

Daily smokers uninterested in quitting smoking with a mean age of 45.1 [standard deviation (SD) = 13.4)] years and smoking 17.1 (SD = 8.5) cigarettes/day; 43.9% (549 of 1250) female; 60.6% (758 of 1250) white ethnicity

SUBMITTER: Hatsukami DK 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6732016 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature