Radical Stress Is More Cytotoxic in the Nucleus than in Other Organelles.

ABSTRACT: Cells are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a by-product of mitochondrial metabolism, especially under hypoxia. ROS are also enzymatically generated at the plasma membrane during inflammation. Radicals cause cellular damage leading to cell death, as they react indiscriminately with surrounding lipids, proteins, and nucleotides. However, ROS are also important for many physiological processes, including signaling, pathogen killing and chemotaxis. The sensitivity of cells to ROS therefore likely depends on the subcellular location of ROS production, but how this affects cell viability is poorly understood. As ROS generation consumes oxygen, and hypoxia-mediated signaling upregulates expression of antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, it is difficult to discern hypoxic from radical

SUBMITTER: Paardekooper LM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6747261 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature