Dataset Information

Bidirectional Human-Swine Transmission of Seasonal Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus in Pig Herd, France, 2018.

ABSTRACT: In 2018, a veterinarian became sick shortly after swabbing sows exhibiting respiratory syndrome on a farm in France. Epidemiologic data and genetic analyses revealed consecutive human-to-swine and swine-to-human influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus transmission, which occurred despite some biosecurity measures. Providing pig industry workers the annual influenza vaccine might reduce transmission risk.

SUBMITTER: Chastagner A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6759248 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Bidirectional Human-Swine Transmission of Seasonal Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus in Pig Herd, France, 2018.

Chastagner Amélie A Enouf Vincent V Peroz David D Hervé Séverine S Lucas Pierrick P Quéguiner Stéphane S Gorin Stéphane S Beven Véronique V Behillil Sylvie S Leneveu Philippe P Garin Emmanuel E Blanchard Yannick Y van der Werf Sylvie S Simon Gaëlle G

Emerging infectious diseases 20191001 10

In 2018, a veterinarian became sick shortly after swabbing sows exhibiting respiratory syndrome on a farm in France. Epidemiologic data and genetic analyses revealed consecutive human-to-swine and swine-to-human influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus transmission, which occurred despite some biosecurity measures. Providing pig industry workers the annual influenza vaccine might reduce transmission risk. ...[more]

PMID: 31538914

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Project description:Human seasonal H3 clade 3C3a influenza A viruses (IAV) were detected four times in U.S. pigs from commercial swine farms in Michigan, Illinois, and Virginia in 2019. To evaluate the relative risk of this spillover to the pig population, whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic characterization were conducted, and the results revealed that all eight viral gene segments were closely related to 2018-2019 H3N2 human seasonal IAV. Next, a series of in vitro viral kinetics, receptor binding, and antigenic characterization studies were performed using a representative A/swine/Virginia/A02478738/2018(H3N2) (SW/VA/19) isolate. Viral replication kinetic studies of SW/VA/19 demonstrated less efficient replication curves than all 10 swine H3N2 viruses tested but higher than three human H3N2 strains. Serial passaging experiments of SW/VA/19 in swine cells did not increase virus replication, but changes at HA amino acid positions 9 and 159 occurred. In swine transmission studies, wild-type SW/VA/19 was shed in nasal secretions and transmitted to all indirect contact pigs, whereas the human seasonal strain A/Switzerland/9715293/2013(H3N2) from the same 3C3a clade failed to transmit. SW/VA/19 induced minimal macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that these human seasonal H3N2 3C3a-like viruses did not require reassortment with endemic swine IAV gene segments for virus shedding and transmission in pigs. Limited detections in the U.S. pig population in the subsequent period of time suggest a yet-unknown restriction factor likely limiting the spread of these viruses in the U.S. pig population.IMPORTANCEInterspecies human-to-swine IAV transmission occurs globally and contributes to increased IAV diversity in pig populations. We present data that a swine isolate from a 2018-2019 human-to-swine transmission event was shed for multiple days in challenged and contact pigs. By characterizing this introduction through bioinformatic, molecular, and animal experimental approaches, these findings better inform animal health practices and vaccine decision-making. Since wholly human seasonal H3N2 viruses in the United States were not previously identified as being transmissible in pigs (i.e., reverse zoonosis), these findings reveal that the interspecies barriers for transmission to pigs may not require significant changes to all human seasonal H3N2, although additional changes may be required for sustained transmission in swine populations.

Dataset Information

Bidirectional Human-Swine Transmission of Seasonal Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus in Pig Herd, France, 2018.

Publications

Bidirectional Human-Swine Transmission of Seasonal Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus in Pig Herd, France, 2018.

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