Plasma Membrane-Associated Restriction Factors and Their Counteraction by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins.

ABSTRACT: The plasma membrane is a site of conflict between host defenses and many viruses. One aspect of this conflict is the host's attempt to eliminate infected cells using innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune mechanisms that recognize features of the plasma membrane characteristic of viral infection. Another is the expression of plasma membrane-associated proteins, so-called restriction factors, which inhibit enveloped virions directly. HIV-1 encodes two countermeasures to these host defenses: The membrane-associated accessory proteins Vpu and Nef. In addition to inhibiting cell-mediated immune-surveillance, Vpu and Nef counteract membrane-associated restriction factors. These include BST-2, which traps newly formed virions at the plasma membrane unless counteracted by Vpu, and SERINC5, whic

SUBMITTER: Ramirez PW 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6770538 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature