The Crystallinity and Aspect Ratio of Cellulose Nanomaterials Determine Their Pro-Inflammatory and Immune Adjuvant Effects In Vitro and In Vivo.

ABSTRACT: Nanocellulose is increasingly considered for applications; however, the fibrillar nature, crystalline phase, and surface reactivity of these high aspect ratio nanomaterials need to be considered for safe biomedical use. Here a comprehensive analysis of the impact of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and nanocrystals (CNC) is performed using materials provided by the Nanomaterial Health Implications Research Consortium of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. An intermediary length of nanocrystals is also derived by acid hydrolysis. While all CNFs and CNCs are devoid of cytotoxicity, 210 and 280 nm fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled CNCs show higher cellular uptake than longer and shorter CNCs or CNFs. Moreover, CNCs in the 200-300 nm length scale are more likely to indu

SUBMITTER: Wang X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6800804 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature