Annealing induced a well-ordered single crystal δ-MnO₂ and its electrochemical performance in zinc-ion battery.

ABSTRACT: Herein, the formation and electrochemical performance of a novel binder-free turbostratic stacked/ well-ordered stacked δ-MnO₂-carbon fiber composite cathodes in deep eutectic solvent (DES) based zinc-ion battery (ZIB) is reported. Results of morphological, elemental, and structural analyses revealed directly grown and interconnected δ-MnO₂ crumpled nanosheets on a carbon fiber substrate. Moreover, an improvement via a simple annealing strategy in the stacking, surface area and conductivity of the δ-MnO₂ sheets was observed. Annealing induces the rearrangement of δ-MnO₂ sheets resulting in the transformation from turbostratic stacking to a well-ordered stacking of [Formula: see text]-MnO₂ sheets, as indicated by the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) hexagonal single crystal pattern. Besides, the formation of the well-ordered stacking of [Formula: see text]-MnO₂ sheets exhibited improved electrochemical performance and cyclability, as cathode material for ZIB. The novel strategy described in this study is an essential step for the development of binder-free δ-MnO₂-C fiber composite with a well-ordered stacking of δ-MnO₂ sheets. This study also demonstrated comparable electrochemical performance between the turbostratic [Formula: see text]-MnO₂ sheets and the well-ordered stacked δ-MnO₂ sheets.

SUBMITTER: Corpuz RD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6805881 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature