A case of EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma in which the T790M allele fraction was increased by repeated EGFR-TKI treatment.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kimura H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6823937 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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A case of EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma in which the T790M allele fraction was increased by repeated EGFR-TKI treatment.
Kimura Hideharu H Amino Yoshiaki Y Koba Hayato H Tambo Yuichi Y Ohkura Noriyuki N Hara Johsuke J Sone Takashi T Kasahara Kazuo K
Cancer communications (London, England) 20191101 1
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Project description:Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation has shown to be associated with the clinical outcomes of patients after initial EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy in EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its predictive role in EGFR-TKI re-challenge remains unknown. The present study was aimed to explore the correlation between T790M mutation and any benefits from EGFR-TKI re-challenge. We retrospectively reviewed 922 consecutive patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients administered with gefitinib/erlotinib at Guangdong General Hospital. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were analyzed respectively. In total, 66 EGFR-mutant patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma were eligible, of whom 51 underwent re-biopsy upon initial progression. Among them, 18 (35.3%) harbored T790M mutation. No statistical significant differences were seen between T790M-positive and T790M-negative patients in PFS, OS, ORR or DCR. The median PFS, median OS, ORR, and DCR of the overall 66 patients were 2.0 months, 6.8 months, 6.1% and 39.4%, respectively. Good performance status (PS) was found to be independent favorable prognostic factor and long TKI-free interval to be associated with superior PFS. In conclusion, T790M mutation might not predict the clinical outcomes in first-generation EGFR-TKI re-challenge. Based on the poor efficacy from our data, re-challenge of first-generation EGFR-TKIs could not be recommended routinely, but for those with good PS and long TKI-free interval, it might be an alternative option.
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Project description:Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major life-threatening disease accounting for 85% of all lung cancer cases, has been treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but often resulted in drug resistance, and approximately 60% of TKI-resistant cases are due to acquired secondary (epithelial growth factor receptor) EGFR-T790M mutation. To identify alternative targets for TKI-resistant NSCLC with EGFR-T790M mutation, we found that the three globo-series glycosphingolipids are increasingly expressed on this type of NSCLC cell lines, and among them, the increase of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) expression is the most significant. Compared to TKI-sensitive cell lines, SSEA-4 and the key enzyme β3GalT5 responsible for the synthesis of SSEA3 are more expressed in TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines with EGFR-T790M mutation, and the expression levels strongly correlate with poor survival in patients with EGFR mutation. In addition, we demonstrated that a SSEA-4 targeted monoclonal antibody, especially the homogeneous glycoform with well-defined Fc glycan designed to improve effective functions, is highly effective against this subpopulation of NSCLC in cell-based and animal studies. These findings provide a direction for the prediction of tumor recurrence and treatment of TKI-resistant NSCLC with EGFR-T790M mutation.
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Project description:Different growth kinetics occurring between the sensitive and T790M-containing cells may result in the repopulation of tumor cells over time. Little information has yet been uncovered on whether rebiopsy timing influences the T790M detection rate. We enrolled a total of 98 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients, who had a history of acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and available rebiopsy tumor specimens for reassessment of EGFR mutations. Rebiopsy was performed at the time of first EGFR-TKI progression in 54 patients (55.1%); for the other 44 patients (44.9%), rebiopsy was done with an interval from first EGFR-TKI progression (median 470.5 days, range 46-1742 days). Our results indicated that rebiopsy timing did not influence the detection rate of T790M and that the mutation could be identified in patients with a long EGFR-TKI-free interval. For patients without suitable lesions for rebiopsy at the time of EGFR-TKI progression, an attempt to rebiopsy should be considered during the subsequent treatment courses.
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Project description:BackgroundAlthough lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) with sensitizing mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), in most cases disease progression inevitably occurs. Our aim was to investigate the predictive and prognostic significance of adjusted tumoral EGFR variant allele frequency (EGFR-aVAF) in the above setting.MethodsEighty-nine Caucasian advanced-stage LADC patients with known exon-specific EGFR mutations undergoing EGFR-TKI treatment were included. The correlations of EGFR-aVAF with clinicopathological variables including progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS, respectively) were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsOf 89 EGFR-mutant LADC patients, 46 (51.7%) had exon 19 deletion, while 41 (46.1%) and 2 (2.2%) patients had exon 21- and exon 18-point mutations, respectively. Tumoral EGFR-aVAF was significantly higher in patients harboring EGFR exon 19 mutations than in those with exon 21-mutant tumors (P<0.001). Notably, patients with EGFR exon 19 mutant tumors demonstrated significantly improved PFS (P=0.003) and OS (P=0.02) compared to patients with exon 21 mutations. Irrespective of specific exon mutations, a statistically significant positive linear correlation was found between EGFR-aVAF of tumoral tissue and PFS (r=0.319; P=0.002). High (≥70%) EGFR-aVAF was an independent predictor of longer PFS [vs. low (<70%) EGFR-aVAF; median PFSs were 52 vs. 26 weeks, respectively; P<0.001]. Additionally, patients with high EGFR-aVAF also had significantly improved OS than those with low EGFR-aVAF (P=0.011).ConclusionsOur study suggests that high (≥70%) EGFR-aVAF of tumoral tissue predicts benefit from EGFR-TKI treatment in advanced LADC and, moreover, that exon 19 EGFR mutation is associated with high EGFR-aVAF and improved survival outcomes.
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Project description:Almost all epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung cancers develop resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Several mechanisms for this acquired resistance have been identified, including development of an EGFR T790M mutation, MET amplification, hepatocyte growth factor overexpression, loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog expression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and transformation to small cell lung cancer. Herein, we report a case of a lung cancer patient with EGFR exon 19 deletion who was resistant to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment during disease progression. Using histological and gene sequencing analysis, we observed that the primary adenocarcinoma acquired T790M mutation in EGFR exon 20, and a secondary sarcomatoid carcinoma developed in the vicinity. Assessment of E-cadherin and Vimentin expression confirmed that the sarcomatoid carcinoma had undergone an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, it is important to perform a tissue re-biopsy after the development of resistance to identify the best treatment options. Surgical resection might be a better "salvage" treatment in cases of oligometastatic progression.
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Project description:EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients can be effectively treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) but frequently present with an EGFR T790M resistance mutation at relapse. We aimed to screen for T790M in pre-treatment formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of patients with a confirmed T790M mutation at progression. We analyzed 33 pre-treatment DNA samples of NSCLC patients who progressed upon TKI between 2013 to 2019. To establish storage-time dependent formalin fixation-induced background levels for C>T mutations, we analyzed DNA isolated from archival (stored >1 year, n = 22) and recently generated (stored <1 month, n = 11) FFPE samples and included DNA isolated from white blood cells (WBC) (n = 24) as controls. DNA samples were analyzed by droplet digital (dd)PCR, and positivity was defined by outlier detection according to Grubb's criterion. The T790M background allele frequency levels were 0.160% in DNA isolated from archival-FFPE, 0.100% in fresh FFPE, and 0.035% in WBC. Progression-free survival (PFS) time of the single T790M positive patient was 9 months, while T790M negative patients had a median PFS of 10 months (range 2-27). Proper storage time matched FFPE control samples are essential for reliable detection of T790M mutation at low VAF. The presence of EGFR T790M mutations in pre-TKI samples is rare, even in patients who progressed with EGFR T790M mutations.
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Project description:The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Thr790 Met (T790M) mutation is responsible for approximately half of the acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Identifying patients at diagnosis who are likely to develop this mutation after first- or second-generation EGFR-TKI treatment is crucial for better treatment outcomes. This study aims to develop and validate a radiomics-based machine learning (ML) approach to predict the T790M mutation in NSCLC patients at diagnosis. We collected retrospective data from 210 positive EGFR mutation NSCLC patients, extracting 1316 radiomics features from CT images. Using the LASSO algorithm, we selected 10 radiomics features and 2 clinical features most relevant to the mutations. We built models with 7 ML approaches and assessed their performance through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The radiomics model and combined model, which integrated radiomics features and relevant clinical factors, achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.81) and 0.86 (0.87-0.88), respectively, in predicting the T790M mutation. Our study presents a convenient and noninvasive radiomics-based ML model for predicting this mutation at the time of diagnosis, aiding in targeted treatment planning for NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
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Project description:The most common event responsible for resistance to first- and second-generation (1st and 2nd) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is acquisition of T790M mutation. We examined whether T790M is related to clinicopathologic or prognostic factors in patients with relapse of EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after treatment with 1st or 2nd EGFR-TKIs. We retrospectively reviewed the T790M status and clinical characteristics of 73 patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC who had been treated with EGFR-TKIs and undergone rebiopsy at Kurume University Hospital between March 2005 and December 2015. T790M mutation was more frequent in patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation (63%, 26/41) than in those with L858R mutation (38%, 12/32) (p = 0.035). The median total duration of 1st or 2nd EGFR-TKI treatment was significantly longer in patients with T790M mutation than in those without (15.3 months vs 8.1 months, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the type of EGFR mutation and the total duration of EGFR-TKI treatment were significantly associated with T790M prevalence. Patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation who receive long-term EGFR-TKI therapy show a high prevalence of T790M mutation. The present data are potentially important for clinical decision-making in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation.
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Project description:In Taiwan, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib are served as first-line therapy for non-small lung cell cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR sensitizing mutations. However, the majority of patients who initially respond to EGFR-TKIs, progress through acquiring EGFR T790M mutations (T790M), which is the most common resistant mechanism. Patients with T790M gain the opportunity of subsequent treatment with third-generation EGFR-TKI, osimertinib. This study aimed to evaluate the association between prior EGFR-TKI therapy and incidence of acquired T790M resistance in lung adenocarcinoma patients who have progressed on first/second-generation EGFR-TKI therapy. This retrospective study included lung adenocarcinoma patients who had a radiographically-confirmed progressive disease under EGFR-TKI treatment and had re-biopsy samples for T790M testing from seven medical centers in Taiwan from June 2013 to December 2018. Patients harboring de novo T790M or using more than one EGFR-TKI were excluded. Of the 407 patients enrolled, the overall T790M acquisition rate was 52.8%. The patients treated with gefitinib, erlotinib or afatinib had a statistically significant difference in the T790M rates (59.9, 45.5, and 52.7%, respectively; p = 0.037) after disease progression. Patients with common baseline EGFR mutations (Del-19 and L858R) (p = 0.005) and longer treatment duration with EGFR-TKIs (p < 0.001) had higher chances of T790M acquisition. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further showed that patients with common baseline EGFR mutations, gefitinib (compared to erlotinib) administration, and longer treatment duration with EGFR-TKIs had higher T790M incidence. There was no significant difference in the incidence of acquired T790M between different re-biopsy tissue samples or complications. In conclusion, this study showed that patients who progressed from gefitinib treatment, bearing common EGFR mutations, and with longer EGFR-TKI treatment duration had increased incidence of T790M acquisition and, therefore, were suitable for subsequent osimertinib treatment.
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Project description:ObjectivesThis study was performed to investigate the detection rate of EGFR T790M mutation by repeated rebiopsy, to identify the clinical factors related to repeated rebiopsy, and to assess survival outcomes according to the methods and numbers of repeated rebiopsies in patients with lung adenocarcinoma who received sequential osimertinib after failure of previous 1st or 2nd generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma who were confirmed to have EGFR T790M mutation and to have received osimertinib from January 2020 to February 2021 at Samsung Medical Center. The presence of T790M mutation was assessed based on either plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or tissue specimens. Results A total of 443 patients underwent rebiopsy, with 186 (42.0%) testing positive for the T790M mutation by the sixth rebiopsy. The final analysis included 143 eligible patients. Progression-free survival was not significantly different in terms of the methods (tissue: 13.3 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [9.4, 23.5] vs plasma: 11.1 months, 95% CI: [8.1, 19.4], p = 0.33) and numbers (one: 13.4 months, 95% CI: [9.4, 23.5] vs two or more: 11.0 months, 95% CI: [8.1, 14.8], p = 0.51) of repeated rebiopsies. Longer overall survival (OS) was found in patients in whom T790M was detected by tissue specimens rather than by plasma ctDNA (2-year OS rate: 81.7% for tissue vs 63.9% for plasma, p = 0.0038). Factors related to the lower numbers of rebiopsies included age and bone metastasis. Factor associated with T790M detection in tissue rather than in plasma was pleural metastasis, while advanced tumor stage was related to T790M confirmation in plasma rather than in tissue.ConclusionsRepeated rebiopsy for T790M detection in patients with NSCLC can increase the detection rate of the mutation. Detection of T790M by plasma ctDNA might be related to poor survival outcomes.
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