Manganese levels in infant formula and young child nutritional beverages in the United States and France: Comparison to breast milk and regulations.

ABSTRACT: Exposure to high levels of manganese (Mn) in children has recently been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental effects. Current infant formula regulations for Mn content were set between 1981 (United States), 2006 (European Union, France), and 2007 (Codex Alimentarius) prior to the publication of much of the growing body of research on the developmental neurotoxicity of Mn. In this study, we sought to measure the concentrations of Mn in some infant formulas and young child nutritional beverages available on the United States (US) and French markets using ion beam analysis by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectrometry and then compare the analytical results to concentrations reported in the literature for breast milk and applicable infant formula regulations and guidelines. We

SUBMITTER: Frisbie SH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6830775 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature