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Iron intakes and status of 2-year-old children in the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT: Young children are at risk of iron deficiency and subsequent anaemia, resulting in long-term consequences for cognitive, motor and behavioural development. This study aimed to describe the iron intakes, status and determinants of status in 2-year-old children. Data were collected prospectively in the mother-child Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study from 15 weeks' gestation throughout early childhood. At the 24-month assessment, serum ferritin, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume were measured, and food/nutrient intake data were collected using a 2-day weighed food diary. Iron status was assessed in 729 children (median [IQR] age: 2.1 [2.1, 2.2] years) and 468 completed a food diary. From the food diary, mean (SD) iron intakes were 6.8 (2.6) mg/day and 30% had intakes < UK Estimated Average Requirement (5.3 mg/day). Using WHO definitions, iron deficiency was observed in 4.6% (n = 31) and iron deficiency anaemia in five children (1.0%). Following an iron series workup, five more children were diagnosed with iron deficiency anaemia. Twenty-one per cent had ferritin concentrations <15 µg/L. Inadequate iron intakes (OR [95% CI]: 1.94 [1.09, 3.48]) and unmodified cows' milk intakes ≥ 400 mL/day (1.95 [1.07, 3.56]) increased the risk of low iron status. Iron-fortified formula consumption was associated with decreased risk (0.21 [0.11, 0.41] P < 0.05). In this, the largest study in toddlers in Europe, a lower prevalence of low iron status was observed than in previous reports. Compliance with dietary recommendations to limit cows' milk intakes in young children and consumption of iron-fortified products appears to have contributed to improved iron status at two years.

SUBMITTER: McCarthy EK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6865992 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Iron intakes and status of 2-year-old children in the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study.

McCarthy Elaine K EK Ní Chaoimh Carol C Hourihane Jonathan O'B JO Kenny Louise C LC Irvine Alan D AD Murray Deirdre M DM Kiely Mairead M

Maternal & child nutrition 20160809 3

Young children are at risk of iron deficiency and subsequent anaemia, resulting in long-term consequences for cognitive, motor and behavioural development. This study aimed to describe the iron intakes, status and determinants of status in 2-year-old children. Data were collected prospectively in the mother-child Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study from 15 weeks' gestation throughout early childhood. At the 24-month assessment, serum ferritin, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume were measured, ...[more]

PMID: 27501864

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Project description:BackgroundKnee pain is a common problem in children and adolescents, and it often has a chronic character.PurposeTo examine the prevalence of knee pain in 13-year-old children and assess associations of knee pain with physical factors and the presence of structural abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Study designCross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.MethodsData from the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort, were used. Prevalence and characteristics of knee pain were assessed, using a pain mannequin, in children 13 years of age (N = 1849). Patient characteristics and data on physical activity were extracted from questionnaires. The body mass index standard deviation score and waist-hip ratio were calculated from objectively measured weight and height. Structural abnormalities were assessed by MRI. The differences between children with and without knee pain were also analyzed.ResultsA prevalence of 8.0% was found for knee pain in children, of which 92.3% persisted for >3 months (ie, chronic); 37.5% of the children experienced pain daily, and the pain was almost always located on the anterior side of the knee (98.6%). Higher body mass index standard deviation scores were seen in children with knee pain than in the children without knee pain. No differences in physical activity were seen between children with and without knee pain. Moreover, in children with knee pain compared with children without knee pain, characteristics of Osgood-Schlatter disease (6.8% vs 1.9%) and bipartite patella type 3 (4.7% vs 0.3%) were more often seen on MRI.ConclusionThis study shows that knee pain is a relatively frequent problem in children. It is almost always located on the anterior aspect, has a chronic character, and is often experienced daily. However, the possible implication of structural abnormalities on MRI in children with knee pain and the possible relationship with the development of future knee complaints are still unclear.

Dataset Information

Iron intakes and status of 2-year-old children in the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study.

Publications

Iron intakes and status of 2-year-old children in the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study.

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