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Childhood obesity in urban Ghana: evidence from a cross-sectional survey of in-school children aged 5-16 years.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern in many low-income urban settings; but its determinants are not clear. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of childhood obesity and associated factors among in-school children aged 5-16 years in a Metropolitan district of Ghana. METHODS:A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted among a sample of 285 in-school children aged 5-16 years. Pre-tested questionnaires and anthropometric data collection methods were used to collect data. Descriptive, bivariate, binary and multivariate logistic regression statistical techniques were used to analyse data. RESULTS:Some 46.9% (42.2% for males and 51.7% for females) of the children were overweight. Of this, 21.2% were obese (BMI falls above 95th percentile). Childhood obesity was higher in private school (26.8%) than public school (21.4%), and among girls (27.2%) than boys (19%). Factors that increased obesity risks included being aged 11-16 as against 5-10 years (aOR = 6.07; 95%CI = 1.17-31.45; p = 0.025), having a father whose highest education is 'secondary' (aOR =2.97; 95% CI = 1.09-8.08; p = 0.032), or 'tertiary' (aOR = 3.46; 95% CI = 1.27-9.42; p = 0.015), and consumption of fizzy drinks most days of the week (aOR = 2.84; 95% CI = 1.24-6.52; p = 0.014). Factors that lowered obesity risks included engaging in sport at least 3times per week (aOR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.33-0.96; p = 0.034), and sleeping for more than 8 h per day (aOR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.19-0.79; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION:Higher parental (father) educational attainment and frequent consumption of fizzy drinks per week may increase obesity risks among in-school children aged 5-16 years in the Metropolitan district of Ghana. However, regular exercise (playing sport at least 3 times per week) and having 8 or more hours of sleep per day could lower obesity risks in the same population. Age and sex-appropriate community and school-based interventions are needed to promote healthy diet selection and consumption, physical activity and healthy life styles among in-school children.

SUBMITTER: Ganle JK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6880588 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Childhood obesity in urban Ghana: evidence from a cross-sectional survey of in-school children aged 5-16 years.

Ganle John Kuumuori JK Boakye Priscilla Pokuaa PP Baatiema Leonard L Baatiema Leonard L

BMC public health 20191126 1

<h4>Background</h4>Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern in many low-income urban settings; but its determinants are not clear. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of childhood obesity and associated factors among in-school children aged 5-16 years in a Metropolitan district of Ghana.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted among a sample of 285 in-school children aged 5-16 years. Pre-tested questionnaires and anthropometric data collec ...[more]

PMID: 31771549

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Project description:ObjectivesTo investigate whether urban-rural location and socioeconomic factors (income, education and employment) are associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (W/H-ratio), and to further explore if the associations between urban-rural location and BMI or W/H-ratio could be mediated through variations in socioeconomic factors.DesignCross-sectional, WHO STEPS survey of non-communicable disease risk factors.SettingUrban and rural areas of Myanmar.ParticipantsA total of 8390 men and women aged 25 to 64 years included during the study period from September to December 2014. Institutionalised people (Buddhist monks and nuns, hospitalised patients) and temporary residents were excluded.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in the urban areas and increased with increasing socioeconomic status (SES) score. Mean BMI was higher among urban residents (ß=2.49 kg/m2; 95% CI 2.28 to 2.70; p<0.001), individuals living above poverty line, that is, ≥US$1.9/day (ß=0.74 kg/m2; 95% CI 0.43 to 1.05; p<0.001), and those with high education attainment (ß=1.48 kg/m2; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.82; p<0.001) when adjusting for potential confounders. Similarly, greater W/H-ratio was observed in participants living in an urban area, among those with earnings above poverty line, and among unemployed individuals. The association between urban-rural location and BMI was found to be partially mediated by a composite SES score (9%), income (17%), education (16%) and employment (16%), while the association between urban-rural location and W/H-ratio was found to be partially mediated by income (12%), education (6%) and employment (6%).ConclusionResidents living in urban locations had higher BMI and greater W/H-ratio, partially explained by differences in socioeconomic indicators, indicating that socioeconomic factors should be emphasised in the management of overweight and obesity in the Myanmar population. Furthermore, new national or subnational STEPS surveys should be conducted in Myanmar to observe the disparity in trends of the urban-rural differential.

Project description:BackgroundThe reported prevalence rate of anxiety disorder in the paediatric population varies widely between different counties. Currently, there is no national epidemiological survey of childhood anxiety disorder in China. This study aims to investigate the national prevalence of anxiety disorder, the distribution profiles of different subtypes and its comorbidity rates among school students.MethodsA nationwide epidemiological survey of mental disorders in school students aged 6-16 years was conducted. Participants were randomly recruited from five provinces in China. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to screen students at high risk for mental disorders. The final diagnosis was made based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV. The point prevalence and comorbidity rate of anxiety disorder were calculated, and the difference between age, sex and socioeconomic status groups was also compared.ResultsGeneralised anxiety disorder (GAD) was the most common anxiety disorder in school-attending children and adolescents, with a prevalence rate of 1.3% (95% CI: 1.2 to 1.3). Separation anxiety and specific phobia were more common in children than in adolescents. Girls had a higher prevalence of panic disorder (0.3% vs 0.2%, χ2=14.6, p<0.001) and agoraphobia (0.9% vs 0.8%, χ2=4.3, p=0.03) than that of boys. We found no significant difference between developed and less developed areas. Girls were more likely to have panic disorder and GAD than boys, with ratios of 2.13:1 and 1.01:1, respectively. The co-occurrence of anxiety disorder and attention-deficit and disruptive behaviour disorder was very common, ranging from 40% to 85%.ConclusionsAnxiety disorder was prevalent among school students in China, and comorbidity with attention-deficit and disruptive disorder was very common. The data imply that screening for anxiety disorder is needed in school settings. Policies should be adapted to provide psychological services to children and adolescents. A comprehensive assessment is recommended in clinical practice.

Dataset Information

Childhood obesity in urban Ghana: evidence from a cross-sectional survey of in-school children aged 5-16 years.

Publications

Childhood obesity in urban Ghana: evidence from a cross-sectional survey of in-school children aged 5-16 years.

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