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Boron-doped Nanodiamond as an Electrode Material for Aqueous Electric Double-layer Capacitors.

ABSTRACT: Herein, a conductive boron-doped nanodiamond (BDND) particle is prepared as an electrode material for an aqueous electric double-layer capacitor with high power and energy densities. The BDND is obtained by depositing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) on a nanodiamond particle substrate with a primary particle size of 4.7 nm via microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition, followed by heat treatment in air. The BDND comprises BDD and sp² carbon components, and exhibits a conductivity above 10^-2 S cm^-1 and a specific surface area of 650 m² g^-1. Cyclic voltammetry measurements recorded in 1 M H₂SO₄ at a BDND electrode in a two-electrode system shows a capacitance of 15.1 F g^-1 and a wide potential window (cell voltage) of 1.8 V, which is much larger than that obtained at an activated carbon electrode, i.e., 0.8 V. Furthermore, the cell voltage of the BDND electrode reaches 2.8 V when using saturated NaClO₄ as electrolyte. The energy and power densities per unit weight of the BDND for charging-discharging in 1 M H₂SO₄ at the BDND electrode cell are 10 Wh kg^-1 and 10⁴ W kg^-1, respectively, and the energy and power densities per unit volume of the BDND layer are 3-4 mWh cm^-3 and 10 W cm^-3, respectively. Therefore, the BDND is a promising candidate for the development of a compact aqueous EDLC device with high energy and power densities.

SUBMITTER: Miyashita K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6882838 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Boron-doped Nanodiamond as an Electrode Material for Aqueous Electric Double-layer Capacitors.

Miyashita Kenjo K Kondo Takeshi T Sugai Seiya S Tei Takahiro T Nishikawa Masahiro M Tojo Toshifumi T Yuasa Makoto M

Scientific reports 20191128 1

Herein, a conductive boron-doped nanodiamond (BDND) particle is prepared as an electrode material for an aqueous electric double-layer capacitor with high power and energy densities. The BDND is obtained by depositing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) on a nanodiamond particle substrate with a primary particle size of 4.7 nm via microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition, followed by heat treatment in air. The BDND comprises BDD and sp<sup>2</sup> carbon components, and exhibits a conductivit ...[more]

PMID: 31780797

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Project description:The capacitance of electrode materials used in electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) is currently limited by several factors, including inaccessible isolated micropores in high-surface area carbons, the finite density of states resulting in a quantum capacitance in series to Helmholtz double-layer capacitance, and the presence of surface impurities, such as functional groups and adsorbed species. To unlock the full potential of EDLC active materials and corresponding electrodes, several post-production treatments are commonly proposed to improve their capacitance and, thus, the energy density of the corresponding devices. In this work, we report a systematic study of the effect of a prototypical treatment, namely H2-assisted thermal treatment, on the chemical, structural, and thermal properties of activated carbon and corresponding electrodes. By combining multiple characterization techniques, we clarify the actual origins of the improvement of the performance (e.g., > +35% energy density for the investigated power densities in the 0.5-45 kW kg-1 range) of the EDLCs based on treated electrodes compared to the case based on the pristine electrodes. Contrary to previous works supporting a questionable graphitization of the activated carbon at temperatures <1000 °C, we found that a "surface graphitization" of the activated carbon, detected by spectroscopic analysis, is mainly associated with the desorption of surface contaminants. The elimination of surface impurities, including adsorbed species, improves the surface capacitance of the activated carbon (CsurfAC) by +37.1 and +36.3% at specific currents of 1 and 10 A g-1, respectively. Despite the presence of slight densification of the activated carbon upon the thermal treatment, the latter still improves the cell gravimetric capacitance normalized on the mass of the activated carbon only (CgAC), e.g., + 28% at 1 A g-1. Besides, our holistic approach identifies the change in the active material and binder contents as a concomitant cause of the increase of cell gravimetric capacitance (Cg), accounting for the mass of all of the electrode materials measured for treated electrodes compared to pristine ones. Overall, this study provides new insights into the relationship between the modifications of the electrode materials induced by H2-assisted thermal treatments and the performance of the resulting EDLCs.

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Boron-doped Nanodiamond as an Electrode Material for Aqueous Electric Double-layer Capacitors.

Publications

Boron-doped Nanodiamond as an Electrode Material for Aqueous Electric Double-layer Capacitors.

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