Next steps in immuno-oncology: enhancing antitumor effects through appropriate patient selection and rationally designed combination strategies.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cancers escape immune surveillance via distinct mechanisms that involve central (negative selection within the thymus) or peripheral (lack of costimulation, receipt of death/anergic signals by tumor, immunoregulatory cell populations) immune tolerance. During the 1990s, moderate clinical benefit was seen using several cytokine therapies for a limited number of cancers. Over the past 20 years, extensive research has been performed to understand the role of various components of peripheral immune tolerance, with the co-inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 (PD-1), and its ligand (PD-L1) being the most well-characterized at preclinical and clinical levels.

Patients and methods

We used PubMed and Google Sc

SUBMITTER: Salama AK 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6887913 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature