Graphite as a Long-Life Ca²⁺-Intercalation Anode and its Implementation for Rocking-Chair Type Calcium-Ion Batteries.

ABSTRACT: Herein, graphite is proposed as a reliable Ca²⁺-intercalation anode in tetraglyme (G₄). When charged (reduced), graphite accommodates solvated Ca²⁺-ions (Ca-G₄) and delivers a reversible capacity of 62 mAh g^-1 that signifies the formation of a ternary intercalation compound, Ca-G₄·C₇₂. Mass/volume changes during Ca-G₄ intercalation and the evolution of in operando X-ray diffraction studies both suggest that Ca-G₄ intercalation results in the formation of an intermediate phase between stage-III and stage-II with a gallery height of 11.41 Å. Density functional theory calculations also reveal that the most stable conformation of Ca-G₄ has a planar structure with Ca²⁺ surrou

SUBMITTER: Richard Prabakar SJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6918123 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature