Dataset Information

Modifying the Impact of Eveningness Chronotype ("Night-Owls") in Youth: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To determine whether an intervention to reduce eveningness chronotype improves sleep, circadian, and health (emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, physical) outcomes.

Method

Youth aged 10 to 18 years with an evening chronotype and who were "at risk" in 1 of 5 health domains were randomized to: (a) Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for Youth (TranS-C; n = 89) or (b) Psychoeducation (PE; n = 87) at a university-based clinic. Treatments were 6 individual, weekly 50-minute sessions during the school year. TranS-C addresses sleep and circadian problems experienced by youth by integrating evidence-based treatments derived from basic research. PE provides education on the interrelationship between sleep, stress, diet, and health.

Results

Relative to PE, TranS-C was not associated with greater pre-post change for total sleep time (TST) or bed time (BT) on weeknights but was associated with greater reduction in evening circadian preference (pre-post increase of 3.89 points, 95% CI = 2.94-4.85, for TranS-C, and 2.01 points, 95% CI = 1.05-2.97 for PE, p = 0.006), earlier endogenous circadian phase, less weeknight-weekend discrepancy in TST and wakeup time, less daytime sleepiness, and better self-reported sleep via youth and parent report. In terms of functioning in the five health domains, relative to PE, TranS-C was not associated with greater pre-post change on the primary outcome. However, there were significant interactions favoring TranS-C on the Parent-Reported Composite Risk Scores for cognitive health.

Conclusion

For at-risk youth, the evidence supports the use of TranS-C over PE for improving sleep and circadian functioning, and improving health on selected outcomes.

Clinical trial registration information

Triple Vulnerability? Circadian Tendency, Sleep Deprivation and Adolescence. https://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01828320.

SUBMITTER: Harvey AG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6923796 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Modifying the Impact of Eveningness Chronotype ("Night-Owls") in Youth: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Harvey Allison G AG Hein Kerrie K Dolsen Emily A EA Dong Lu L Rabe-Hesketh Sophia S Gumport Nicole B NB Kanady Jennifer J Wyatt James K JK Hinshaw Stephen P SP Silk Jennifer S JS Smith Rita L RL Thompson Monique A MA Zannone Nancee N Blum Daniel Jin DJ

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 20180815 10

<h4>Objective</h4>To determine whether an intervention to reduce eveningness chronotype improves sleep, circadian, and health (emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, physical) outcomes.<h4>Method</h4>Youth aged 10 to 18 years with an evening chronotype and who were "at risk" in 1 of 5 health domains were randomized to: (a) Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for Youth (TranS-C; n = 89) or (b) Psychoeducation (PE; n = 87) at a university-based clinic. Treatments were 6 individual, ...[more]

PMID: 30274649

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Project description:BackgroundEveningness chronotype-the tendency for later sleep and wake times-arises from a confluence of psychosocial, behavioral, and biological factors. With the onset and progression of puberty, many young people develop an eveningness chronotype, which remains prevalent through the transition into adulthood. Eveningness has been associated with increased risk for poorer health. While eveningness is modifiable, maintaining the necessary behavior changes can be challenging. The science on habits demonstrates that habit formation is a key mechanism for maintaining behavior change over time. Learning theory offers schedules of reinforcement that also hold promise for enhancing the maintenance of behavior change. The present study will evaluate the Habit-based Sleep Health Intervention (HABITs)-which combines the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) with the science of habits-and a text message intervention informed by learning theory to attempt to sustainably modify the contributors to eveningness among young adults (18-30 years of age).MethodsParticipants (N = 160) will be randomly allocated to HABITs and HABITs + Texts. Both interventions include HABITs which involves three 50-min sessions followed by six 30-min sessions. Alongside the latter six sessions, HABITs + Texts will concurrently receive the text message intervention. Aims 1-3 will compare HABITs + Texts to HABITs on improvements in the outcomes of (1) utilization of sleep health behaviors and habit formation, (2) sleep and circadian functioning, and (3) functioning in five health-relevant domains, in the short (post-treatment) and longer (6-month and 12-month follow-up) term. Exploratory analysis will (1) compare HABITs and HABITs + Texts on (a) if sleep health behavior habit formation mediates the effects of intervention on improvement in outcomes and (b) if intervention effects are moderated by select variables, and (2) to evaluate if HABITs (regardless of the text message intervention) is associated with an improvement in outcomes in the short and longer term.DiscussionThis study has the potential to advance knowledge on (1) the value of leveraging the science of habits and learning theory in behavior change interventions, (2) the use of a low-cost and efficient intervention for habit formation and maintenance, (3) interventions that address eveningness chronotype, and (4) processes related to behavior change during emerging adulthood.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT05167695. Registered on December 22, 2021.

Dataset Information

Modifying the Impact of Eveningness Chronotype ("Night-Owls") in Youth: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective

Method

Results

Conclusion

Clinical trial registration information

Publications

Modifying the Impact of Eveningness Chronotype ("Night-Owls") in Youth: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

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