Vitamin D, Autoimmune Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

ABSTRACT: Vitamin D has been reported to influence physiological systems that extend far beyond its established functions in calcium and bone homeostasis. Prominent amongst these are the potent immunomodulatory effects of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)₂D3). The nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) for 1,25-(OH)₂D3 is expressed by many cells within the immune system and resulting effects include modulation of T cell phenotype to suppress pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 CD4+ T cells and promote tolerogenic regulatory T cells. In addition, antigen-presenting cells have been shown to express the enzyme 1α-hydroxylase that converts precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) to 1,25-(OH)₂D3, so that immune microenvironments are able to both activ

SUBMITTER: Harrison SR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6960236 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature