XIST and TSIX: Novel Cancer Immune Biomarkers in PD-L1-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Patients.

ABSTRACT: Escaping antitumor immunity is a hallmark in cancer progression. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor responsible for the maintenance of immune tolerance; PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) is overexpressed in tumor cells, simplifying their escape from the immune system through T-cell function suppression. Notwithstanding that cancer antigen (CA)125, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA15-3, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are among conventional breast cancer diagnostic biomarkers, their lack of sensitivity and specificity resides among their major limitations. Furthermore, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2 and interleukin (IL)-6-demonstrated as breast cancer immune biomarkers-still possess limitations, for instance, technical detection problems and stability prob

SUBMITTER: Salama EA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6966712 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature