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Subjective Executive Function Weaknesses Are Linked to Elevated Internalizing Symptoms Among Community Adolescents.

ABSTRACT: Adolescence is a period of high risk for the emergence of problems with anxiety and depression. Theory and research suggest that executive function deficits accompany internalizing and externalizing problems, although more evidence is required to understand these relationships. This study employed a commonly used rating scale of executive function, the Brief Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and examined relationships with self- and parent-reported internalizing and externalizing problems among a community sample of 299 adolescents. The sample was 56.2% female, with a mean age of 16.22 years (SD = 2.36 years). Analyses revealed strong associations between poorer self- and parent-reported executive function skills and the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms. Problems with executive function were also associated with externalizing symptoms. These results indicate that subjective ratings of executive function capture important aspects of cognitive problems that are highly relevant to adolescent psychopathology in a transdiagnostic fashion.

SUBMITTER: Mullin BC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6989154 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Subjective Executive Function Weaknesses Are Linked to Elevated Internalizing Symptoms Among Community Adolescents.

Mullin Benjamin C BC Perks Emmaly L EL Haraden Dustin A DA Snyder Hannah R HR Hankin Benjamin L BL

Assessment 20181222 3

Adolescence is a period of high risk for the emergence of problems with anxiety and depression. Theory and research suggest that executive function deficits accompany internalizing and externalizing problems, although more evidence is required to understand these relationships. This study employed a commonly used rating scale of executive function, the Brief Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and examined relationships with self- and parent-reported internalizing and externalizing problems ...[more]

PMID: 30580546

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Project description:ObjectiveSickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that may affect patients' mood and behavior. However, measuring the prevalence of internalizing symptoms (anxiety and depression) in patients with SCD has been elusive. We assessed internalizing symptoms in adolescents with SCD to evaluate prevalence and to test whether neurocognitive performance and frequency of pain-related episodes were associated with internalizing concerns.MethodsOne hundred eighty-five patients (57% HbSS/HbSß0-thalassemia, 43% HbSC/HbSß+-thalassemia), ages 12-18 years, received a neuropsychological evaluation as a part of a larger cohort study. Internalizing symptoms were measured using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second or Third Edition. Scores on the depression and anxiety scales were compared to normative values using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Spearman correlations examined associations between neurocognitive performances and internalizing symptoms. Robust multivariable regression models measured associations between internalizing symptoms and age, sex, sickle genotype, total hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin, socioeconomic status, and frequency of pain episodes.ResultsParent- and self-reported ratings of internalizing symptoms were not elevated compared to normative expectations. Overall, 1.8% and 6.3% of the sample displayed clinically elevated symptoms of anxiety and depression based on self-report, respectively. There were no associations between internalizing symptoms and neurocognitive performance (all p > .05). In multivariable analyses, the frequency of pain episodes was positively associated with self-reported anxiety (p = .006) and parent-reported depressive symptoms (p = .017).ConclusionsAdolescents with SCD do not report elevated internalizing symptoms compared to normative expectations. Further research is needed to examine the trajectory of internalizing symptoms and the bidirectional relationship between pain and psychosocial functioning in SCD.

Project description:BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults globally. Well-established risk factors for suicide are depression and past suicide attempts. People experiencing suicidality may represent a distinct neurobiological group of people with depression. Because converging evidence has implicated inflammation in depression, we sought to investigate relationships between suicidality and immune markers in youth experiencing diverse mood and anxiety symptoms. We hypothesized that adolescents with suicidality would exhibit a unique immune signature.MethodsAdolescents underwent semi-structured interviews and completed self-reported measures to assess psychopathology, including suicidality (suicidal ideation, plans, or attempts). Fasting blood samples were collected, cultured with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate an inflammatory response, and analyzed for 41 immune analytes. To assess how immune function related to suicidality categorically and dimensionally, we conducted group comparisons and correlations while controlling for multiple comparisons using false discovery rate (FDR). To further uncover subtle immune-suicidality relationships, we employed a data-driven approach using factor analysis to extract major immune factors, each of which was subsequently correlated with suicidality measures.ResultsAmong 126 participants, 29 were healthy controls and 97 participants had internalizing symptoms; within the clinical group, 57 experienced suicidality. Three immune analytes differed between healthy controls, suicidal, and non-suicidal adolescents with internalizing symptoms in the LPS condition: Flt-3L (p FDR = 0.0246), GM-CSF (p FDR = 0.0246), and IFN-γ (p FDR = 0.0246). These analytes were negatively correlated with the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI): Flt-3L (ρ = -0.19, p = 0.04); GM-CSF (ρ = -0.26, p = 0.004); IFN-γ (ρ =-0.33, p = 0.0003). GM-CSF also negatively correlated with number of suicide attempts (ρ = -0.39, p = 0.003). Factor analysis reduced 41 analytes to several common immune factors across experimental conditions, with Flt-3L, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ all loading heavily onto immune factors that were hypoactive in suicidality. Through this data-driven approach, we detected further associations between suicidality and immune factors across all conditions.ConclusionsPeripheral immune function may be distinctly altered in adolescent suicidality. Future work should examine immune-suicidality relationships longitudinally.

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Subjective Executive Function Weaknesses Are Linked to Elevated Internalizing Symptoms Among Community Adolescents.

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Subjective Executive Function Weaknesses Are Linked to Elevated Internalizing Symptoms Among Community Adolescents.

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