Toxicity of fatty acid profiles of popular edible oils in human EndoC-?H1 beta-cells.

ABSTRACT: An inappropriate diet, particularly excessive consumption of dietary fats and oils, may have a major negative impact on beta-cell function and cause type 2 diabetes mellitus. To investigate this issue, we examined the toxicity of free fatty acid (FFA) compositions mirroring the FFA profiles of various popular edible oils in human EndoC-?H1 beta-cells and in rat islets. For this purpose, we made compositions consisting exclusively of various FFAs in different volumetric percentages mimicking these oils and additionally mixtures of these compositions. Human EndoC-?H1 beta-cells were incubated with different oil compositions and the toxicity, lipid droplet formation, ER-stress, and H₂O₂ production were analyzed. Compositions with prominent content of saturated as well as unsaturated long-chain FFAs showed moderate but significant toxicity both in human EndoC-?H1 beta-cells and rat islets, however, without further measurable metabolic impairments. On the other hand compositions with high content of medium-chain FFAs revealed no toxicity. A composition with 50% of the very long-chain unsaturated FFA erucic acid caused high toxicity with concomitant peroxisomal H₂O₂ production. The toxicity of FFAs to human EndoC-?H1 beta-cells was dampened in mixtures of FFA compositions with a significant content of medium-chain FFAs, but not with a significant proportion of unsaturated FFAs.

SUBMITTER: von Hanstein AS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7026177 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature