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Technological Application of Tannin-Based Extracts.

ABSTRACT: Tannins are polyphenolic compounds naturally found in vegetables. Their presence in nature has prompted their historical use in many different ways. The revision of their traditional utilization has allowed their further modification aiming for an industrial application. Sometimes these modifications have implied the addition of harmful substances such as formaldehyde, classified as a carcinogen of category B1. In other cases, these natural tannins have been replaced by synthetic compounds that threaten human and animal health and damage the environment. Therefore, currently, both academy and industry are searching for the substitution of these unsafe complexes by the increasing inclusion of tannins, natural molecules that can be obtained from several and diverse renewable resources, modified using harmless additives. To achieve promising results, cost-efficient and eco-friendly extraction methods have been designed. Once these green alternatives have been isolated, they have been successfully applied to many fields with very assorted aims of utilization such as coagulants, adhesives, floatation agents, tannings, dyes, additives, or biomolecules. Therefore, this review offers a global vision of the full process that involves the tannin's technological application including an overview of the most relevant tannin sources, effective extraction methods, and their utilization in very diverse fields.

SUBMITTER: Fraga-Corral M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7037717 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Technological Application of Tannin-Based Extracts.

Fraga-Corral Maria M García-Oliveira Paula P Pereira Antia G AG Lourenço-Lopes Catarina C Jimenez-Lopez Cecilia C Prieto Miguel Angel MA Simal-Gandara Jesus J

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20200130 3

Tannins are polyphenolic compounds naturally found in vegetables. Their presence in nature has prompted their historical use in many different ways. The revision of their traditional utilization has allowed their further modification aiming for an industrial application. Sometimes these modifications have implied the addition of harmful substances such as formaldehyde, classified as a carcinogen of category B1. In other cases, these natural tannins have been replaced by synthetic compounds that ...[more]

PMID: 32019231

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Project description:Most antimicrobials used in pig production are prescribed to treat post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), which constitutes a major health issue in pig production. With the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens, finding solutions to diminish the severity of PWD without antibiotics has become increasingly critical. Potentiated forms of zinc oxide (ZnO) and plant-based bioactive compounds like tannins have been shown to alleviate the severity of diarrhea, thus reducing the need for antibiotic treatment. The aim of this project was to test whether a potentiated form of ZnO (pZnO), alone (study 1) or in combination with tannin-rich extract (study 2), can be used in starter diets for weaned piglets infected by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to reduce PWD severity. At 26 ± 1.6 days of age (average body weight 7.8 ± 1.02 kg), 160 piglets (study 1, n = 72; study 2, n = 88) were randomly and equally assigned to four dietary treatments (study 1 = 18; study 2 = 22 pigs/group) and orally infected 4 days after weaning with a solution containing 1010 ETEC F4. Study 1 compared the effect of 150 mg Zn/kg pZnO (pZnO-150) and 300 mg Zn/kg pZnO (pZnO-300) to a negative control (C) and a positive control, 3,000 mg Zn/kg ZnO (C-3000). In study 2, a combination of 7.5 g/kg tannin extract (quebracho and chestnut) and 150 mg Zn/kg pZnO (TAN+pZnO-150) was compared to pZnO-150 and 7.5 g/kg tannin-rich extract (TAN) alone and to a negative control (C). The fecal score, bodyweight, daily food intake per pen, fecal F4 ETEC and Zn levels were analyzed. The small intestine content was sampled 9 days after infection to analyze the number of antimicrobial resistance genes. Regardless of the inclusion level, TAN+pZnO-150, TAN and pZnO led to a reduction in antibiotic treatment (p < 0.05), but only TAN and TAN+pZnO-150 reduced the fecal score (p < 0.05). C-3000 improved the average daily gain (p < 0.05). Tannin-rich extract and potentiated zinc oxide (pZnO) in starter diets effectively reduce the need for antibiotics in ETEC-challenged piglets. Traditional high-dose ZnO improved growth rates, but lower-dose alternatives with tannins provided health benefits without high zinc levels. These findings highlight sustainable dietary strategies to manage post-weaning diarrhea, supporting reduced antibiotic use in pig production.

Dataset Information

Technological Application of Tannin-Based Extracts.

Publications

Technological Application of Tannin-Based Extracts.

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