Dataset Information

Light Weight, Easy Formable and Non-ToxicPolymer-Based Composites for Hard X-rayShielding: A Theoretical and Experimental Study.

ABSTRACT: Composite lightweight materials for X-ray shielding applications were studied anddeveloped with the goal of replacing traditional screens made of lead and steel, with innovativematerials with similar shielding properties, but lighter, more easily formed and workable, with lowerimpact on the environment and reduced toxicity for human health. New epoxy-based compositesadditivated with barium sulfate and bismuth oxide were designed through simulations performedwith software based on Geant4. Then, they were prepared and characterized using differenttechniques starting from digital radiography in order to test the radiopacity of the composites,in comparison with traditional materials. The lower environmental impact and toxicity of theseinnovative screens were quantified by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) calculation based on the ecoinventdatabase, within the openLCA framework. Optimized mixtures are (i) 20% epoxy/60% bismuthoxide/20% barite, which guarantees the best performance in X-ray shielding, largely overcomingsteel, but higher in costs and a weight reduction of circa 60%; (ii) 20% epoxy/40% bismuth oxide/40%barite which has slightly lower performances in shielding, but it is lighter and cheaper than thefirst one and (iii) the 20% epoxy/20% bismuth oxide/60% barite which is the cheapest material, stillmaintaining the X-ray shielding of steel. Depending on the cost/efficiency request of the specificapplication (industrial ra.

SUBMITTER: Lopresti M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7037949 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Light Weight, Easy Formable and Non-ToxicPolymer-Based Composites for Hard X-rayShielding: A Theoretical and Experimental Study.

Lopresti Mattia M Alberto Gabriele G Cantamessa Simone S Cantino Giorgio G Conterosito Eleonora E Palin Luca L Milanesio Marco M

International journal of molecular sciences 20200128 3

Composite lightweight materials for X-ray shielding applications were studied anddeveloped with the goal of replacing traditional screens made of lead and steel, with innovativematerials with similar shielding properties, but lighter, more easily formed and workable, with lowerimpact on the environment and reduced toxicity for human health. New epoxy-based compositesadditivated with barium sulfate and bismuth oxide were designed through simulations performedwith software based on Geant4. Then, t ...[more]

PMID: 32012889

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Project description:Many medical professions require practitioners to perform visual categorizations in domains such as radiology, dermatology, and neurology. However, acquiring visual expertise is tedious and time-consuming and the perceptual strategies mediating visual categorization skills are poorly understood. In this paper, the Ease algorithm was developed to predict an item's categorization difficulty (Ease value) based on the item's perceptual similarity to all within-category items versus between-category items in the dataset. In this study, Ease values were used to construct an easy-to-hard and hard-to-easy training schedule for teaching melanoma diagnosis. Whereas previous visual training studies suggest that an easy-to-hard schedule benefits learning outcomes, no studies to date have demonstrated the easy-to-hard advantage with complex, real-world images. In our study, 237 melanoma and benign images were collected for training and testing purposes. The diagnostic accuracy of images was verified by an expert dermatologist. Based on their Ease values, the items were grouped into easy, medium, and hard categories, each containing an equal number of melanoma and benign lesions. During training, participants categorized images of skin lesions as either benign or melanoma and were given corrective feedback after each trial. In the easy-to-hard training condition, participants learned to categorize all the easy items first, followed by the medium items, and finally the hard items. Participants in the hard-to-easy training condition learned items in the reverse order. Post-training results showed that training in both conditions transferred to the classification of new melanoma and benign images. Participants in the easy-to-hard condition showed modest advantages both in the acquisition and retention of the melanoma diagnosis skills, but neither scheduling condition exhibited a gross advantage. The Ease values of the items predicted categorization accuracy after, but not before training, suggesting that the Ease algorithm is a promising tool for optimizing medical training in visual categorization.

Dataset Information

Light Weight, Easy Formable and Non-ToxicPolymer-Based Composites for Hard X-rayShielding: A Theoretical and Experimental Study.

Publications

Light Weight, Easy Formable and Non-ToxicPolymer-Based Composites for Hard X-rayShielding: A Theoretical and Experimental Study.

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