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Finding the Right Blend: Interplay Between Structure and Sodium Ion Conductivity in the System Na5AlS4-Na4SiS4.

ABSTRACT: The rational design of high performance sodium solid electrolytes is one of the key challenges in modern battery research. In this work, we identify new sodium ion conductors in the substitution series Na5-x Al1-x Si x S4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), which are entirely based on earth-abundant elements. These compounds exhibit conductivities ranging from 1.64 · 10-7 for Na4SiS4 to 2.04 · 10-5 for Na8.5(AlS4)0.5(SiS4)1.5 (x = 0.75). We determined the crystal structures of the Na+-ion conductors Na4SiS4 as well as hitherto unknown Na5AlS4 and Na9(AlS4)(SiS4). Na+-ion conduction pathways were calculated by bond valence energy landscape (BVEL) calculations for all new structures highlighting the influence of the local coordination symmetry of sodium ions on the energy landscape within this family. Our findings show that the interplay of charge carrier concentration and low site symmetry of sodium ions can enhance the conductivity by several orders of magnitude.

SUBMITTER: Harm S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7040025 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Finding the Right Blend: Interplay Between Structure and Sodium Ion Conductivity in the System Na5AlS4-Na4SiS4.

Harm Sascha S Hatz Anna-Katharina AK Schneider Christian C Hoefer Carla C Hoch Constantin C Hoch Constantin C Lotsch Bettina V BV

Frontiers in chemistry 20200218

The rational design of high performance sodium solid electrolytes is one of the key challenges in modern battery research. In this work, we identify new sodium ion conductors in the substitution series Na5-x Al1-x Si x S4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), which are entirely based on earth-abundant elements. These compounds exhibit conductivities ranging from 1.64 · 10-7 for Na4SiS4 to 2.04 · 10-5 for Na8.5</ ...[more]

PMID: 32133342

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Project description:BackgroundWith the availability and capabilities of varied technologically enhanced learning activities, the blended learning approach has become increasingly popular in interprofessional education. The combined use of different technologically enhanced learning activities has not been fully examined, particularly to determine the effects of instructional sequences for effective learning outcomes.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate whether the instructional sequences of a blended learning approach can improve students' learning outcomes on interprofessional competencies.MethodsA randomized controlled study was conducted with 40 interprofessional health care teams. These teams undertook three technologically enhanced learning activities-Web-based instruction (WI), virtual reality (VR), and simulation exercise (SE)-after random assignment to three groups based on three different instructional sequences (WI-VR-SE, WI-SE-VR, and SE-WI-VR). Pretests and posttests were conducted to evaluate the students' learning outcomes on interprofessional competencies.ResultsA total of 198 participants from the three groups completed the questionnaires. All three groups reported significant improvement in their levels of self-efficacy (P<.05) and attitudes (P<.001) toward interprofessional team care about 1 month after the interprofessional learning activity. Although no significant difference was found (P=.06) between the WI-VR-SE and WI-SE-VR groups in the self-efficacy posttests, participants in the SE-WI-VR group reported significantly lower (P<.05) posttest scores than those in the WI-SE-VR group. The majority of the participants (137/198, 69.1%) selected the instructional sequence "WI-VR-SE" as their top preference.ConclusionsThis study shows that the instructional sequence of a blended learning approach can have a significant impact on students' learning outcomes. The learning of concepts from WI followed by problem-solving activity in the SE was found to be a more effective learning sequence than the reverse sequence. We recommend that future studies focus on scaffolding students' learning when planning instructional sequences for technologically enhanced learning activities within blended learning environments.

Dataset Information

Finding the Right Blend: Interplay Between Structure and Sodium Ion Conductivity in the System Na5AlS4-Na4SiS4.

Publications

Finding the Right Blend: Interplay Between Structure and Sodium Ion Conductivity in the System Na<sub>5</sub>AlS<sub>4</sub>-Na<sub>4</sub>SiS<sub>4</sub>.

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