Dataset Information

The Moon's farside shallow subsurface structure unveiled by Chang'E-4 Lunar Penetrating Radar.

ABSTRACT: On 3 January 2019, China's Chang'E-4 (CE-4) successfully landed on the eastern floor of Von Kármán crater within the South Pole-Aitken Basin, becoming the first spacecraft in history to land on the Moon's farside. Here, we report the observations made by the Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) onboard the Yutu-2 rover during the first two lunar days. We found a signal penetration at the CE-4 landing site that is much greater than that at the CE-3 site. The CE-4 LPR images provide clear information about the structure of the subsurface, which is primarily made of low-loss, highly porous, granular materials with embedded boulders of different sizes; the images also indicate that the top of the mare basal layer should be deeper than 40 m. These results represent the first high-resolution image of a lunar ejecta sequence ever produced and the first direct measurement of its thickness and internal architecture.

SUBMITTER: Li C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7043921 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Moon's farside shallow subsurface structure unveiled by Chang'E-4 Lunar Penetrating Radar.

Li Chunlai C Su Yan Y Pettinelli Elena E Xing Shuguo S Ding Chunyu C Liu Jianjun J Ren Xin X Lauro Sebastian E SE Soldovieri Francesco F Zeng Xingguo X Gao Xingye X Chen Wangli W Dai Shun S Liu Dawei D Zhang Guangliang G Zuo Wei W Wen Weibin W Zhang Zhoubin Z Zhang Xiaoxia X Zhang Hongbo H

Science advances 20200226 9

On 3 January 2019, China's Chang'E-4 (CE-4) successfully landed on the eastern floor of Von Kármán crater within the South Pole-Aitken Basin, becoming the first spacecraft in history to land on the Moon's farside. Here, we report the observations made by the Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) onboard the Yutu-2 rover during the first two lunar days. We found a signal penetration at the CE-4 landing site that is much greater than that at the CE-3 site. The CE-4 LPR images provide clear information abo ...[more]

PMID: 32133404

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Project description:Agricultural subsurface drainage systems are commonly installed on farmland to remove the excess water from poorly drained soils. Conventional methods for drainage mapping such as tile probes and trenching equipment are laborious, cause pipe damage, and are often inefficient to apply at large spatial scales. Knowledge of locations of an existing drainage network is crucial to understand the increased leaching and offsite release of drainage discharge and to retrofit the new drain lines within the existing drainage system. Recent technological developments in non-destructive techniques might provide a potential alternative solution. The objective of this study was to determine the suitability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery collected using three different cameras (visible-color, multispectral, and thermal infrared) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) for subsurface drainage mapping. Both the techniques are complementary in terms of their usage, applicability, and the properties they measure and were applied at four different sites in the Midwest USA. At Site-1, both the UAV imagery and GPR were equally successful across the entire field, while at Site-2, the UAV imagery was successful in one section of the field, and GPR proved to be useful in the other section where the UAV imagery failed to capture the drainage pipes' location. At Site-3, less to no success was observed in finding the drain lines using UAV imagery captured on bare ground conditions, whereas good success was achieved using GPR. Conversely, at Site-4, the UAV imagery was successful and GPR failed to capture the drainage pipes' location. Although UAV imagery seems to be an attractive solution for mapping agricultural subsurface drainage systems as it is cost-effective and can cover large field areas, the results suggest the usefulness of GPR to complement the former as both a mapping and validation technique. Hence, this case study compares and contrasts the suitability of both the methods, provides guidance on the optimal survey timing, and recommends their combined usage given both the technologies are available to deploy for drainage mapping purposes.

Dataset Information

The Moon's farside shallow subsurface structure unveiled by Chang'E-4 Lunar Penetrating Radar.

Publications

The Moon's farside shallow subsurface structure unveiled by Chang'E-4 Lunar Penetrating Radar.

Similar Datasets

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