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Circular manufacturing of chitinous bio-composites via bioconversion of urban refuse.

ABSTRACT: Bioinspired manufacturing, in the sense of replicating the way nature fabricates, may hold great potential for supporting a socioeconomic transformation towards a sustainable society. Use of unmodified ubiquitous biological components suggests for a fundamentally sustainable manufacturing paradigm where materials are produced, transformed into products and degraded in closed regional systems with limited requirements for transport. However, adoption is currently limited by the fact that despite their ubiquitous nature, these biopolymers are predominantly harvested as industrial and agricultural products. In this study, we overcome this limitation by developing a link between bioinspired manufacturing and urban waste bioconversion. This result is paramount for the development of circular economic models, effectively connecting the organic by-products of civilization to locally decentralized, general-purpose manufacturing.

SUBMITTER: Sanandiya ND

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7070007 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Circular manufacturing of chitinous bio-composites via bioconversion of urban refuse.

Sanandiya Naresh D ND Ottenheim Christoph C Phua Jun Wei JW Caligiani Augusta A Dritsas Stylianos S Fernandez Javier G JG

Scientific reports 20200313 1

Bioinspired manufacturing, in the sense of replicating the way nature fabricates, may hold great potential for supporting a socioeconomic transformation towards a sustainable society. Use of unmodified ubiquitous biological components suggests for a fundamentally sustainable manufacturing paradigm where materials are produced, transformed into products and degraded in closed regional systems with limited requirements for transport. However, adoption is currently limited by the fact that despite ...[more]

PMID: 32170094

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Project description:BackgroundChitinases are widely distributed enzymes that perform the biotransformation of chitin, one of the most abundant polysaccharides on the biosphere, into useful value-added chitooligosaccharides (COS) with a wide variety of biotechnological applications in food, health, and agricultural fields. One of the most important group of enzymes involved in the degradation of chitin comprises the glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18), which harbours endo- and exo-enzymes that act synergistically to depolymerize chitin. The secretion of a chitinase activity from the ubiquitous yeast Mestchnikowia pulcherrima and their involvement in the post-harvest biological control of fungal pathogens was previously reported.ResultsThree new chitinases from M. pulcherrima, MpChit35, MpChit38 and MpChit41, were molecularly characterized and extracellularly expressed in Pichia pastoris to about 91, 90 and 71 mU ml- 1, respectively. The three enzymes hydrolysed colloidal chitin with optimal activity at 45 ºC and pH 4.0-4.5, increased 2-times their activities using 1 mM of Mn2+ and hydrolysed different types of commercial chitosan. The partial separation and characterization of the complex COS mixtures produced from the hydrolysis of chitin and chitosan were achieved by a new anionic chromatography HPAEC-PAD method and mass spectrometry assays. An overview of the predicted structures of these proteins and their catalytic modes of action were also presented. Depicted their high sequence and structural homology, MpChit35 acted as an exo-chitinase producing di-acetyl-chitobiose from chitin while MpChit38 and MpChit41 both acted as endo-chitinases producing tri-acetyl-chitotriose as main final product.ConclusionsThree new chitinases from the yeast M. pulcherrima were molecularly characterized and their enzymatic and structural characteristics analysed. These enzymes transformed chitinous materials to fully and partially acetylated COS through different modes of splitting, which make them interesting biocatalysts for deeper structural-function studies on the challenging enzymatic conversion of chitin.

Dataset Information

Circular manufacturing of chitinous bio-composites via bioconversion of urban refuse.

Publications

Circular manufacturing of chitinous bio-composites via bioconversion of urban refuse.

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