Early oseltamivir therapy improves the outcome in critically ill patients with influenza: a propensity analysis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hernu R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7095308 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Early oseltamivir therapy improves the outcome in critically ill patients with influenza: a propensity analysis.
Hernu Romain R Chroboczek Tomasz T Madelaine Thomas T Casalegno Jean-Sebastien JS Lina Bruno B Cour Martin M Argaud Laurent L
Intensive care medicine 20171012 2
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Project description:BackgroundWhether the enteric absorption of the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir is impaired in critically ill patients is unknown. We documented the pharmacokinetic profile of oseltamivir in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with suspected or confirmed pandemic (H1N1) influenza.MethodsWe included 41 patients 18 years of age and older with suspected or confirmed pandemic (H1N1) influenza who were admitted for ventilatory support to nine ICUs in three cities in Canada and Spain. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we assessed plasma levels of oseltamivir free base and its active metabolite carboxylate at baseline (before gastric administration of the drug) and at 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 hours after the fourth or later dose.ResultsAmong the 36 patients who did not require dialysis, the median concentration of oseltamivir free base was 10.4 (interquartile range [IQR] 4.8-14.9) microg/L; the median concentration of the carboxylate metabolite was 404 (IQR 257-900) microg/L. The volume of distribution of the carboxylate metabolite did not increase with increasing body weight (R2=0.00, p=0.87). The rate of elimination of oseltamivir carboxylate was modestly correlated with estimations of creatinine clearance (R2=0.27, p<0.001). Drug clearance in the five patients who required continuous renal replacement therapy was about one-sixth that in the 36 patients with relatively normal renal function.InterpretationOseltamivir was well absorbed enterically in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU with suspected or confirmed pandemic (H1N1) influenza. The dosage of 75 mg twice daily achieved plasma levels that were comparable to those in ambulatory patients and were far in excess of concentrations required to maximally inhibit neuraminidase activity of the virus. Adjustment of the dosage in patients with renal dysfunction requiring continuous renal replacement therapy is appropriate; adjustment for obesity does not appear to be necessary.
| S-EPMC2831695 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOseltamivir has been used as adjunctive therapy in the management of patients with COVID-19. However, the evidence about using oseltamivir in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 remains scarce. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oseltamivir in critically ill patients with COVID-19.MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective cohort study includes critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients were categorized into two groups based on oseltamivir use within 48 hours of ICU admission (Oseltamivir vs. Control). The primary endpoint was viral load clearance.ResultsA total of 226 patients were matched into two groups based on their propensity score. The time to COVID-19 viral load clearance was shorter in patients who received oseltamivir (11 vs. 16 days, p = 0.042; beta coefficient: -0.84, 95%CI: (-1.33, 0.34), p = 0.0009). Mechanical ventilation (MV) duration was also shorter in patients who received oseltamivir (6.5 vs. 8.5 days, p = 0.02; beta coefficient: -0.27, 95% CI: [-0.55,0.02], P = 0.06). In addition, patients who received oseltamivir had lower odds of hospital/ventilator-acquired pneumonia (OR:0.49, 95% CI:(0.283,0.861), p = 0.01). On the other hand, there were no significant differences between the groups in the 30-day and in-hospital mortality.ConclusionOseltamivir was associated with faster viral clearance and shorter MV duration without safety concerns in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
| S-EPMC10203981 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hyperglycemia frequently occurs with acute medical illness, especially among patients with cardiovascular disease, and has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Even patients who are normoglycemic can develop hyperglycemia in response to acute metabolic stress. An expanding body of literature describes the benefits of normalizing hyperglycemia with insulin therapy in hospitalized patients. As a result, both the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Endocrinology have developed guidelines for optimal control of hyperglycemia, specifically targeting critically ill, hospitalized patients. Conventional blood glucose values of 140-180 mg/dL are considered desirable and safely achievable in most patients. More aggressive control to <110 mg/dL remains controversial, but has shown benefits in certain patients, such as those in surgical intensive care. Intravenous infusion is often used for initial insulin administration, which can then be transitioned to subcutaneous insulin therapy in those patients who require continued insulin maintenance. This article reviews the data establishing the link between hyperglycemia and its risks of morbidity and mortality, and describes strategies that have proven effective in maintaining glycemic control in high-risk hospitalized patients.
| S-EPMC3004512 | biostudies-other
Project description:IntroductionAlthough renal replacement therapy (RRT) is a common procedure in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), its efficacy remains uncertain. Patients who receive RRT usually have higher mortality rates than those who do not. However, many differences exist in severity patterns between patients with and those without RRT and available results are further confounded by treatment selection bias since no consensus on indications for RRT has been reached so far. Our aim was to account for these biases to accurately assess RRT efficacy, with special attention to RRT timing.MethodsWe performed a propensity analysis using data of the French longitudinal prospective multicenter Outcomerea database. Two propensity scores for RRT were built to match patients who received RRT to controls who did not despite having a close probability of receiving the procedure. AKI was defined according to RIFLE criteria. The association between RRT and hospital mortality was examined through multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses to control for residual confounding. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the impact of RRT timing.ResultsAmong the 2846 study patients, 545 (19%) received RRT. Crude mortality rates were higher in patients with than in those without RRT (38% vs 17.5%, P < 0.001). After matching and adjustment, RRT was not associated with a reduced hospital mortality. The two propensity models yielded concordant results.ConclusionsIn our study population, RRT failed to reduce hospital mortality. This result emphasizes the need for randomized studies comparing RRT to conservative management in selected ICU patients, with special focus on RRT timing.
| S-EPMC3672625 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Immunocompromised subjects are at risk of severe viral infections which may require intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Data on the outcome of influenza pneumonia in critically-ill immunocompromised subjects are limited. We conducted a single-center observational study. All subjects admitted to the ICU for influenza pneumonia between 2016 and 2020 were included. The main objective was to compare the clinical features and outcome of critically-ill subjects with flu according to their immune status. 137 subjects (age 60 years-old, 58.4% male) were included, of whom 58 (42.34%) were intubated during the ICU stay. Forty-three (31.4%) subjects were immunocompromised. Immunocompromised subjects had a higher Charlson comorbidity index. In contrast, severity scores and hypoxemia at ICU admission, and ventilatory support during ICU stay were similar between the 2 groups. There was no difference in the rate of co-infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia between the 2 groups. Among intubated subjects, 10 (23.26%) immunocompromised subjects developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome compared to 13 (13.83%) non-immunocompromised (P = .218). ICU mortality was 13.97%, with mortality being 3-times higher in immunocompromised subjects (25.58% vs 8.6%, P = .015). On multivariable analysis, immunocompromised status, higher age and lower arterial oxygen partial pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen were associated with an increased ICU mortality. Immunocompromised subjects with severe influenza pneumonia were more likely to develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and had a 3-fold increase in ICU mortality compared to non-immunocompromised subjects. Such difference was not explained by an increased rate of co-infections or nosocomial pneumonia, suggesting that influenza virus was by itself responsible of a more severe form of pulmonary disease in immunocompromised subjects.
| S-EPMC9750560 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Longitudinal Gene expression profiling of whole blood from critically ill influenza and bacterial pneumonia patients. In addition before vs 7 days post influenza vaccination volunteer samples are assayed. 3 groups of samples. First is bacterial pneumonia patients with 6 subjects sampled for up to 5 days. Second group is severe influenza infection with 4 subjects sampled for up to 5 days. Third group is influenza vaccination with 18 subjects sampled before and 7 days post vaccination.
2011-06-30 | E-GEOD-20346 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:PurposeTo determine clinical predictors associated with corticosteroid administration and its association with ICU mortality in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia.MethodsSecondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of critically ill patients with confirmed influenza pneumonia admitted to 148 ICUs in Spain between June 2009 and April 2014. Patients who received corticosteroid treatment for causes other than viral pneumonia (e.g., refractory septic shock and asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] exacerbation) were excluded. Patients with corticosteroid therapy were compared with those without corticosteroid therapy. We use a propensity score (PS) matching analysis to reduce confounding factors. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. Cox proportional hazards and competing risks analysis was performed to assess the impact of corticosteroids on ICU mortality.ResultsA total of 1846 patients with primary influenza pneumonia were enrolled. Corticosteroids were administered in 604 (32.7%) patients, with methylprednisolone the most frequently used corticosteroid (578/604 [95.7%]). The median daily dose was equivalent to 80 mg of methylprednisolone (IQR 60-120) for a median duration of 7 days (IQR 5-10). Asthma, COPD, hematological disease, and the need for mechanical ventilation were independently associated with corticosteroid use. Crude ICU mortality was higher in patients who received corticosteroids (27.5%) than in patients who did not receive corticosteroids (18.8%, p < 0.001). After PS matching, corticosteroid use was associated with ICU mortality in the Cox (HR = 1.32 [95% CI 1.08-1.60], p < 0.006) and competing risks analysis (SHR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.12-1.68], p = 0.001).ConclusionAdministration of corticosteroids in patients with severe influenza pneumonia is associated with increased ICU mortality, and these agents should not be used as co-adjuvant therapy.
| S-EPMC7095489 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Longitudinal Gene expression profiling of whole blood from critically ill influenza and bacterial pneumonia patients. In addition before vs 7 days post influenza vaccination volunteer samples are assayed.
2011-06-30 | GSE20346 | GEO
Project description:Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VV-ECMO) therapy has become increasingly used and established in many hospitals as a routine treatment. With ECMO-therapy being a resource-demanding procedure, it is of interest whether a more prolonged VV-ECMO treatment would hold sufficient therapeutic success. Our retrospective study included all VV-ECMO runs from 1 January 2020 to 31 June 2022. We divided all runs into four groups (<14 days, 14-27, 28-49, 50+) of different durations and looked for differences overall in hospital survival. Additionally, corresponding treatments and therapeutic modalities, as well as laboratory results, were analyzed. We included 117 patients. Of those, 97 (82.9%) received a VV-ECMO treatment longer than two weeks. We did not find a significant association between ECMO duration (p = 0.15) and increased mortality though a significant correlation between the patients' age and their probability of survival (p = 0.02). Notably, we found significantly lower interleukin-6 levels with an increase in therapy duration (p < 0.01). Our findings show no association between the duration of ECMO therapy and mortality. Thus, the treatment duration alone may not be used for making assumptions about the prospect of survival. However, attention is also increasingly focused on long-term outcomes, such as post-intensive care syndrome with severe impairments.
| S-EPMC10094941 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Acute epiglottitis is a potentially life threatening disease, with a growing incidence in the adult population. Its long-term outcome after Intensive Care Unit (ICU) hospitalization has rarely been studied.Thirty-four adult patients admitted for acute epiglottitis were included in this retrospective multicentric study. The mean age was 44 ± 12 years (sex ratio: 5.8). Sixteen patients (47%) had a history of smoking while 8 (24%) had no previous medical history. The average time of disease progression before ICU was 2.6 ± 3.6 days. The main reasons for hospitalization were continuous monitoring (17 cases, 50%) and acute respiratory distress (10 cases, 29%). Microbiological documentation could be made in 9 cases (26%), with Streptococcus spp. present in 7 cases (21%). Organ failure at ICU admission occurred in 8 cases (24%). Thirteen patients (38%) required respiratory assistance during ICU stay; 9 (26%) required surgery. Two patients (6%) died following hypoxemic cardiac arrest. Five patients (15%) had sequelae at 1 year. Patients requiring respiratory assistance had a longer duration of symptoms and more frequent anti inflammatory use before ICU admission and sequelae at 1 year (p < 0.05 versus non-ventilated patients). After logistic regression analysis, only exposure to anti-inflammatory drugs before admission was independently associated with airway intervention (OR, 4.96; 95% CI, 1.06-23.16).The profile of the cases consisted of young smoking men with little comorbidity. Streptococcus spp. infection represented the main etiology. Outcome was favorable if early respiratory tract protection could be performed in good conditions. Morbidity and sequelae were greater in patients requiring airway intervention.
| S-EPMC4422676 | biostudies-other