Dataset Information

Enteric viral infections in lambs or kids.

ABSTRACT: Diarrhoea in lambs and kids is often a complex, multi-factorial syndrome. Common infectious causes of diarrhoea in lambs and kids during the first month of life are of bacterial or parasite nature. However, despite appreciable improvements in management practices and prevention and treatment strategies over the last decades, diarrhoea is still a common and costly syndrome affecting newborn small ruminants. Recent advances in the diagnostics and metagenomic investigations of the enteric environment have allowed discovering a number of novel viruses, although their pathobiological properties remain largely unknown. Assessing more in depth the impact of these viruses on the health and productions of these livestock animals is necessary and requires the development of accurate diagnostic tools and updating of the diagnostic algorithms of enteric pathological conditions.

SUBMITTER: Martella V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7131559 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Enteric viral infections in lambs or kids.

Martella V V Decaro N N Buonavoglia C C

Veterinary microbiology 20150812 1-2

Diarrhoea in lambs and kids is often a complex, multi-factorial syndrome. Common infectious causes of diarrhoea in lambs and kids during the first month of life are of bacterial or parasite nature. However, despite appreciable improvements in management practices and prevention and treatment strategies over the last decades, diarrhoea is still a common and costly syndrome affecting newborn small ruminants. Recent advances in the diagnostics and metagenomic investigations of the enteric environme ...[more]

PMID: 26321129

Similar Datasets

Project description:Noroviruses are enteric pathogens causing significant morbidity, mortality, and economic losses worldwide. Secretory immunoglobulins (sIg) are a first line of mucosal defense against enteric pathogens. They are secreted into the intestinal lumen via the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), where they bind to antigens. However, whether natural sIg protect against norovirus infection remains unknown. To determine if natural sIg alter murine norovirus (MNV) pathogenesis, we infected pIgR knockout (KO) mice, which lack sIg in mucosal secretions. Acute MNV infection was significantly reduced in pIgR KO mice compared to controls, despite increased MNV target cells in the Peyer's patch. Natural sIg did not alter MNV binding to the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) or crossing of the FAE into the lymphoid follicle. Instead, naive pIgR KO mice had enhanced levels of the antiviral inflammatory molecules interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the ileum compared to controls. Strikingly, depletion of the intestinal microbiota in pIgR KO and control mice resulted in comparable IFN-γ and iNOS levels, as well as MNV infectious titers. IFN-γ treatment of wild-type (WT) mice and neutralization of IFN-γ in pIgR KO mice modulated MNV titers, implicating the antiviral cytokine in the phenotype. Reduced gastrointestinal infection in pIgR KO mice was also observed with another enteric virus, reovirus. Collectively, our findings suggest that natural sIg are not protective during enteric virus infection, but rather, that sIg promote enteric viral infection through alterations in microbial immune responses.IMPORTANCE Enteric virus, such as norovirus, infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, direct antiviral infection prevention strategies are limited. Blocking host entry and initiation of infection provides an established avenue for intervention. Here, we investigated the role of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR)-secretory immunoglobulin (sIg) cycle during enteric virus infections. The innate immune functions of sIg (agglutination, immune exclusion, neutralization, and expulsion) were not required during control of acute murine norovirus (MNV) infection. Instead, lack of pIgR resulted in increased IFN-γ levels, which contributed to reduced MNV titers. Another enteric virus, reovirus, also showed decreased infection in pIgR KO mice. Collectively, our data point to a model in which sIg-mediated microbial sensing promotes norovirus and reovirus infection. These data provide the first evidence of the proviral role of natural sIg during enteric virus infections and provide another example of how intestinal bacterial communities indirectly influence MNV pathogenesis.

Dataset Information

Enteric viral infections in lambs or kids.

Publications

Enteric viral infections in lambs or kids.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets