Dataset Information

Testis-enriched kinesin KIF9 is important for progressive motility in mouse spermatozoa.

ABSTRACT: Kinesin is a molecular motor that moves along microtubules. Kinesin family member 9 (KIF9) is evolutionarily conserved and expressed strongly in mouse testis. In the unicellular flagellate Chlamydomonas, KLP1 (ortholog of KIF9) is localized to the central pair microtubules of the axoneme and regulates flagellar motility. In contrast, the function of KIF9 remains unclear in mammals. Here, we mutated KIF9 in mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Kif9 mutated mice exhibit impaired sperm motility and subfertility. Further analysis reveals that the flagella lacking KIF9 showed an asymmetric waveform pattern, which leads to a circular motion of spermatozoa. In spermatozoa that lack the central pair protein HYDIN, KIF9 was not detected by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis. These results suggest that KIF9 is associated with the central pair microtubules and regulates flagellar motility in mice.

SUBMITTER: Miyata H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7136151 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Testis-enriched kinesin KIF9 is important for progressive motility in mouse spermatozoa.

Miyata Haruhiko H Shimada Keisuke K Morohoshi Akane A Oura Seiya S Matsumura Takafumi T Xu Zoulan Z Oyama Yuki Y Ikawa Masahito M

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 20200219 4

Kinesin is a molecular motor that moves along microtubules. Kinesin family member 9 (KIF9) is evolutionarily conserved and expressed strongly in mouse testis. In the unicellular flagellate Chlamydomonas, KLP1 (ortholog of KIF9) is localized to the central pair microtubules of the axoneme and regulates flagellar motility. In contrast, the function of KIF9 remains unclear in mammals. Here, we mutated KIF9 in mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Kif9 mutated mice exhibit impaired sperm motility and s ...[more]

PMID: 32072696

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Project description:Subclass Elasmobranchii belongs to an old evolutionary class of Chondrichthyes that diverged 450 mya, presenting a wide diversity of reproductive strategies while preserving the ancient mode of internal fertilization. Despite such evolutionary success, many species in this group are at serious risk of extinction. Understanding the principles of sperm progressive motility and physiology of such an ancient group of vertebrates is crucial for advancing future assisted reproductive techniques to safeguard this species and for deepening our understanding of the evolution of reproduction. Elasmobranchii species possess big spermatozoa (compared to bony fishes) with an elongated helical head and tail similar to one currently existing (but later diverged) in birds, reptiles, and amphibians, which can be considered an evolutionary ancient. These structures may be associated with the necessity to penetrate viscous ovarian fluid or the jelly layer of eggs, suggesting environmental viscosity as the driving pressure shaping large-sized sperm heads into helical shapes through evolution. We observed spermatozoa motility with high-speed video microscopy to capture sperm and flagellar motion in three Elasmobranchii species: the freshwater ray Potamotrygon motoro, the marine skate Raja asterias and the shark Scyliorhinus canicula. We investigated the effect of viscosity on spermatozoa motility parameters and its ability to break free from spermatozeugmata, move progressively, and perform directional changes. After 20 min of observation, the spermatozeugmata conserved their structure in a low viscosity media of 1000 mOsm/kg osmolality. In comparison, no remaining structure of spermatozeugmata could be found in high-viscosity media with 2% methylcellulose (MC) in all three species due to progressive spermatozoa motion. We find that spermatozoa's unique helical head-to-flagellum architecture is specific to promote locomotion in high-viscosity fluid; they cannot move progressively in low viscosity. The highest velocity for shark sperm was observed at 0.75% MC and 1% MC for ray and skate sperm. Viscosity stabilizes the flagellar propagation, producing rotational forces and allowing the helical head to "screw" into the media. Our observations suggest that the surrounding viscosity is critical to allowing spermatozoa progressive motility and enabling spermatozoa to control direction via newly observed head buckling in high viscosity. As such, the viscosity may be a key element controlling and regulating sperm performance and navigation during fertilization in the Elasmobranchii species.

Dataset Information

Testis-enriched kinesin KIF9 is important for progressive motility in mouse spermatozoa.

Publications

Testis-enriched kinesin KIF9 is important for progressive motility in mouse spermatozoa.

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