Analysis of Ingredients of Supplements in the National Institutes of Health Supplement Database Marketed as Containing a Novel Alternative to Anabolic Steroids.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cohen PA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7160690 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Analysis of Ingredients of Supplements in the National Institutes of Health Supplement Database Marketed as Containing a Novel Alternative to Anabolic Steroids.
Cohen Pieter A PA Sharfstein Joshua J Kamugisha Angélique A Vanhee Céline C
JAMA network open 20200401 4
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Project description:BackgroundUsing sports supplements is common among athletes. The presence of anabolic steroids in sports supplements as a hormonal contaminant can increase production efficiency. Since anabolic steroids cause health problems and result in positive doping tests in athletes, it is important to investigate their presence in the supplement preparations consumed by athletes.ObjectivesThis paper aims to simultaneously determine ten anabolic steroids by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method in sports supplements.MethodsChromatographic analysis was conducted on glass silica gel 60F254 plates. The extracts loaded on silica gel plates are subjected to programed multiple development (PMD) to separate anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs). Densitometric scanning is carried out at the wavelength of 245 and 366nm. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines.ResultsSpots at retardation factor (Rf) 0.72 (elution system 1), 0.4 (elution system 1), 0.29 (elution system 2), 0.25 (elution system 2), 0.1 (elution system 1), 0.65 (elution system 2), 0.59 (elution system 1), 0.44 (elution system 1), 0.8 (elution system 3), and 0.82 (elution system 3) values were recognized as 19-nor androstenedione, 19-nortestosterone, methyl testosterone, clostebol, stanozolol, trenbolone enanthate, oxymetholone, oxandrolone, testosterone enanthate, and nandrolone decanoate, respectively. The linear ranges were 25 - 250 μg/mL for oxymetholone, 7 - 50 μg/mL for 19-nor androstenedione, 19-nortestosterone, and oxandrolone, and 3 - 20 μg/mL for methyl testosterone, clostebol, stanozolol, trenbolone enanthate, testosterone enanthate, and nandrolone decanoate. The developed method is validated by acceptable precision (CV < 20%) and good accuracy (94% < R < 114%). The value of limit of detection (LOD) for all derivatives was in the range of 0.02 - 0.16 μg/spot (20-160 μg/g of supplement), while limit of quantitation (LOQ) was found to be in the range of 0.06 - 0.5 μg/spot (60 - 500 μg/g of supplement). Fifty sports supplement samples as real sample were collected and analyzed. None of the samples screened positive using the HPTLC method.ConclusionsIn the present study, the fast, cheap, and simple HPTLC method could be used for the multi-residue analysis of ten anabolic androgenic steroids in sports supplements.
| S-EPMC10024326 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFew studies have assessed the use of dietary supplements, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM) in male gym users. The comparison of physical appearance with others on social media and the exposure to fitness-related content on social media (i.e., image-centric social media use) may have a profound role in using these compounds due to its role in creating negative body images in male gym users.ObjectiveProvide contemporary data on the use of dietary supplements, AAS and SARM among young male gym users, and test the hypothesis that social media is associated with the use of dietary supplements, AAS and SARM, as a result of a negative body image.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, conducted in the Netherlands, male gym users (N = 2269; 24 ± 6 years) completed an online questionnaire including self-reported measures regarding resistance training participation, image-centric social media use, dietary supplement intake, and body image. The prevalence of AAS and SARM use was assessed with randomized response, a technique to ask sensitive questions indirectly.ResultsOf all participants, 83% used ergogenic dietary supplements (mainly protein and creatine), and an estimated 9 versus 2.7% had ever used AAS versus SARM. Image-centric social media use was positively associated with the use of dietary supplements (r = .26; p < 0.01) and AAS (p < 0.05), but not SARM. Image-centric social media use was associated with a more dissatisfied body image (r = .34; p < 0.01). Body image did not mediate the relationship between image-centric social media use and the use of doping compounds.ConclusionsThe use of dietary supplements in young male gym users is exorbitant, with the use of AAS and SARM being substantial. Image-centric social media use is positively associated with the use of dietary supplements and AAS.
| S-EPMC8579410 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9361182 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Athletes and bodybuilders have recognized for several decades that the use of anabolic steroids can promote muscle growth and strength but it is only relatively recently that these agents are being revisited for clinical purposes. Anabolic steroids are being considered for the treatment of cachexia associated with chronic disease states, and to address loss of muscle mass in the elderly, but nevertheless their efficacy still needs to be demonstrated in terms of improved physical function and quality of life. In sport, these agents are performance enhancers, this being particularly apparent in women, although there is a high risk of virilization despite the favourable myotrophic-androgenic dissociation that many xenobiotic steroids confer. Modulation of androgen receptor expression appears to be key to partial dissociation, with consideration of both intracellular steroid metabolism and the topology of the bound androgen receptor interacting with co-activators. An anticatabolic effect, by interfering with glucocorticoid receptor expression, remains an attractive hypothesis. Behavioural changes by non-genomic and genomic pathways probably help motivate training. Anabolic steroids continue to be the most common adverse finding in sport and, although apparently rare, designer steroids have been synthesized in an attempt to circumvent the dope test. Doping with anabolic steroids can result in damage to health, as recorded meticulously in the former German Democratic Republic. Even so, it is important not to exaggerate the medical risks associated with their administration for sporting or bodybuilding purposes but to emphasize to users that an attitude of personal invulnerability to their adverse effects is certainly misguided.
| S-EPMC2439524 | biostudies-other
Project description:IntroductionThe demand for appearance and performance enhancing substances, including muscle building supplements and anabolic androgenic steroids, is increasing in Australia. However, little is known about the associations between appearance and performance-based factors and appearance and performance enhancing substances (APES), particularly among adolescent boys. This study sought to examine (a) the prevalence of muscle building supplement use in a sample of adolescent boys and (b) how both performance and appearance factors relate to muscle building supplement use and favourable attitudes towards anabolic androgenic steroids in this sample.MethodN = 488 adolescent boys aged 13-16 (Mage = 14.59) from nine Australian schools completed measures of supplement use, favourable attitudes towards using steroids, muscle dissatisfaction, body fat dissatisfaction, mesomorphic ideal internalisation, weight training, and sports participation. Hierarchical logistic regressions were used to examine cross-sectional correlates of muscle building supplement use and favourable attitudes towards using anabolic androgenic steroids.ResultsIn the past three months, 12.7% of the sample had used muscle building supplements. Both appearance and performance-related factors - mesomorphic ideal internalisation and weight training - were related to muscle building supplement use. Only one appearance-related factor - body dissatisfaction - was related to favourable attitudes towards anabolic androgenic steroids.DiscussionThe findings from this study are important as they may help to guide intervention strategies regarding appearance and performance enhancing substance use by Australian adolescent boys, with the ultimate goal of ensuring this population's safety.
| S-EPMC10516554 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:To compare the use of anabolic steroids (AS), the motivation to use them, their side effects, the source of information and the form in which AS were obtained, the medical follow-up, and the periodic examinations in resistance training practitioners who are either current or former users of AS. METHODS:A prevalence survey was performed in the gyms of the city of Curitiba, including 719 current and former AS users who self-administered a questionnaire. The chi-square and z of proportions (p <0.05) statistical tests were conducted. RESULTS:Esthetics was the main motivation associated with AS intake, leading to satisfactory results. The information about the form in which to use AS was provided by doctors and AS were either purchased at the pharmacy with a prescription or illegally. Current users reported a higher number of cycles and doses, a longer duration of use, as well as larger economical investments into AS. This shows a higher consumption of such drugs, regardless of the medical follow-up and post-cycle therapy. CONCLUSION:Given that a change in the usage pattern was observed when increasing the AS consumption, this should be considered in the elaboration of public policies to inhibit such a trend.
| S-EPMC6795452 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychiatric morbidity among men with abuse of anabolic steroids.MethodsThe design is a retrospectively matched cohort study. Five hundred and fourty-five males, who tested positive for anabolic steroids in Danish fitness centers during the period January 3, 2006 to March 1, 2018, were matched with 5450 randomly chosen male controls. Data was cross-referenced with seven national registers pertaining to information about education, employment status, and psychiatric comorbidity. Main outcomes and measures were prescription of psychopharmacological treatment.ResultsThe incidence of treatment with anxiolytics (HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.62-3.38) and antipsychotics (HR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.99-3.63) displayed a remarkable increase in the years following doping sanction, compared to the control group. The prevalence of antidepressant use was already markedly elevated several years before doping sanction, but also displayed a higher incidence in the years following sanction (HR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.28-2.13). The associations remained highly significant after controlling for socioeconomic factors.ConclusionAnabolic steroids use is strongly associated with psychiatric morbidity.
| S-EPMC10092709 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mercury (Hg) is a fairly common environmental pollutant. Chronic exposure to this element may cause, inter alia, kidney damage, and disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system. Literature data indicate that food, including dietary supplements (DS), may sometimes be contaminated with Hg. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess Hg content in DS containing ingredients of plant origin. The study covered 200 DS available for sale in Poland. Hg content was determined by using the AAS method with the amalgamation technique using the AMA-254 analyzer. The highest average Hg content was found in preparations used as adjuncts for lowering glucose levels (23.97 ± 38.56 μg/kg). The highest percentage of PTWI (1.143%) was found in DS aimed at improving vitality. Due to the fact that DS are commonly used, their quality should be constantly monitored.
| S-EPMC8595131 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNon-nutrient bioactive ingredients of foods such as bee products are often of interest in preclinical and clinical research to explore their possible beneficial effects. The National Institute of Health's Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) contains over 165,000 labels of dietary supplements marketed in the United States of America (US), including declarations on labels for many of these ingredients, including those in honeybee products which have been used in foods and traditional medicines for centuries worldwide and are now also appearing in dietary supplements.MethodsThis article presents a use case for honeybee products that describes and tests the utility of the DSLD and other databases available in the US as research tools for identifying and quantifying the prevalence of such ingredients.. It focuses on the limitations to the information on product composition in these databases and describes how to code the ingredients using the LanguaL™ or FoodEx2 description and classification systems and the strengths and limitations of information on honeybee product ingredients, including propolis, bee pollen, royal jelly, beeswax, and bee venom.Results and conclusionsCodes for the ingredients are provided for identifying their presence in LanguaL™ or FoodEx2 ontologies used in Europe and elsewhere. The prevalence of dietary supplement products containing these ingredients in DSLD and on the US market is low compared to some other products and ingredients. Unfortunately label declarations in DSLD do not provide quantitative information and so the data can be used only to screen for their presence, but cannot be used for quantitative exposure estimates by researchers and regulators .
| S-EPMC11243758 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To systematically review the evidence for using anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) to aid rehabilitation following total knee replacement (TKR). Systematic review of all clinical study designs. MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to August 2012. All clinical study designs without language or patient demographic limits. All functional, physiological and administrative outcomes as well as reporting of adverse events. Only two small randomised controlled trials satisfied the inclusion criteria. Statistically significant improvements were reported in the AAS group for quadriceps strength at 3 (p=0.02), 6 (p=0.01) and 12 (p=0.02) months, Functional Independence Measure score at 35 days (p=<0.05) and Knee Society Score at 6 weeks (p=0.02), 6 months (p=0.04) and 12 months (p=0.03). However, differences in hamstring strength, bone mineral density, sit-to-stand testing, walking speed, length of hospital stay and need for further inpatient rehabilitation did not reach statistical significance. There were no reported adverse events. There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine administration of AAS to patients undergoing TKR. However, pilot data suggest that AAS can be administered safely and may improve important postoperative outcome measures. This justifies a randomised trial sufficiently powered to identify between-group differences likely to be of clinical significance.
| S-EPMC3468811 | biostudies-literature