Estimating and mapping cigarette butt littering in urban environments: A GIS approach.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cigarette butts are some of the most common form of litter in the World, causing severe environmental damage. Analysing spatial distribution of cigarette butts in the urban environment may lead to useful insights for further interventions to reduce this form of litter. In this study, we present a GIS-based methodology to estimate the density of cigarette butts across a large urban area.

Methods

We collected information about discarded cigarette butts in outdoor public spaces by systematic social observation in a diverse sample of areas in Madrid, Spain. We used these data to estimate the density of cigarette butts in public spaces around the entire city by performing GIS analyses based on Kernel Density Estimations. Last, we validated these measures using on-field

SUBMITTER: Valiente R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7167348 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature