Xanthine oxidase-lactoperoxidase system and innate immunity: Biochemical actions and physiological roles.

ABSTRACT: The innate immune system in mammals is the first-line defense that plays an important protective role against a wide spectrum of pathogens, especially during early life before the adaptive immune system develops. The enzymes xanthine oxidase (XO) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) are widely distributed in mammalian tissues and secretions, and have a variety of biological functions including in innate immunity, provoking much interest for both in vitro and in vivo applications. The enzymes are characterized by their generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including hydrogen peroxide, hypothiocyanite, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite. XO is a major generator of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide that subsequently trigger a cascade of oxidative radical pathways, including those produced by L

SUBMITTER: Al-Shehri SS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7183230 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature