Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis in a Patient with Covid-19.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Coronado Munoz A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7207075 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis in a Patient with Covid-19.
Coronado Munoz Alvaro A Nawaratne Upulie U McMann David D Ellsworth Misti M Meliones Jon J Boukas Konstantinos K
The New England journal of medicine 20200422 19
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Project description:Early detection of late-onset neonatal sepsis, before the onset of obvious and potentially catastrophic clinical signs, is an important goal in neonatal medicine. Sepsis causes a well-known series of physiologic changes including abnormalities of blood pressure, respiration, temperature, and heart rate, and less well-known changes in heart rate variability. Although vital signs are frequently or continuously monitored in patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), changes in these parameters are subtle in the early phase of sepsis and difficult to interpret using traditional NICU monitoring tools. A new tool, continuous monitoring of heart rate characteristics (HRC), is now available for clinical use. Recent research has established that 2 abnormalities of HRC that have long been used by obstetricians to identify fetal compromise, reduced heart rate variability and transient decelerations, occur early in the course of sepsis in patients in the NICU, often before clinical signs of illness. Through mathematical modeling of electrocardiogram data from hundreds of patients in the NICU, an HRC index that represents the fold increase in risk that a neonate will be diagnosed with clinical or culture-proven sepsis within the next 24 hours was derived. The effect of continuous HRC monitoring on outcomes in preterm very low birth weight infants is the subject of a multicenter randomized clinical trial of 3000 patients, which will be complete in 2010. Further research into mechanisms of abnormal HRC and regulation of autonomic nervous system function in sepsis and other disease processes will shed light on additional applications of this exciting new technology.
| S-EPMC2933427 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo explore the diagnostic utility of procalcitonin (PCT) as a biomarker for late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS).MethodsThe clinical and laboratory data of 131 neonatal patients in the neonatal intensive cares unit (NICU) of our center (Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University) from June 1, 2015, to May 31, 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into 3 groups based on their disease conditions: the bacterial sepsis (BS) group (n=47), the fungal sepsis (FS) group (n=39), and the normal control group (n=45, without sepsis). Blood cultures, routine blood tests, and testing for PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed in all 3 groups. Both PCT and CRP were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood culture was performed in an automated blood culture system. Routine blood tests were performed by using a fully automatic hematology analyzer.ResultsSerum PCT level was significantly different between the BS group and control group (P<0.01) but showed no significant difference between the FS group and control group (P>0.05); the difference in CRP was statistically significant between the FS group and control group (P<0.01) but was not statistically significant between the BS group and control group (P>0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were 0.979 and 0.826 for PCT/CRP in the BS group and FS group, with a best cutoff value of 0.93 and 33.27, respectively; the sensitivities and specificities of PCT/CRP in these 2 groups were 0.962/0.679 and 0.964/0.964, respectively.ConclusionsCompared with CRP, PCT is more sensitive in diagnosing BS but is not sensitive for diagnosing FS. Therefore, PCR is a useful biomarker in distinguishing BS from FS in neonates with late-onset sepsis.
| S-EPMC7347773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveDetermine risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS) versus late-onset, antibiotic-treated, blood culture-negative conditions (LOCNC).DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting24 neonatal centres.PatientsInfants born 1/1/2006-31/12/2014, at 22-26 weeks gestation, with birth weight 401-1000 g and surviving >7 days were included. Infants with early-onset sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, intestinal perforation or both LOS and LOCNC were excluded.ExposuresLOS and LOCNC were defined as antibiotic administration for ≥5 days with and without a positive blood/cerebrospinal fluid culture, respectively. Infants with these diagnoses were also compared with infants with neither condition.OutcomesDeath or NDI was assessed at 18-26 months corrected age follow-up. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks adjusting for covariates occurring ≤7 days of age.ResultsOf 7354 eligible infants, 3940 met inclusion criteria: 786 (20%) with LOS, 1601 (41%) with LOCNC and 1553 (39%) with neither. Infants with LOS had higher adjusted relative risk (95% CI) for death/NDI (1.14 (1.05 to 1.25)) and death before follow-up (1.71 (1.44 to 2.03)) than those with LOCNC. Among survivors, risk for NDI did not differ between the two groups (0.99 (0.86 to 1.13)) but was higher for LOCNC infants (1.17 (1.04 to 1.31)) compared with unaffected infants.ConclusionsInfants with LOS had higher risk of death, but not NDI, compared with infants with LOCNC. Surviving infants with LOCNC had higher risk of NDI compared with unaffected infants. Improving outcomes for infants with LOCNC requires study of the underlying conditions and the potential impact of antibiotic exposure.
| S-EPMC8292446 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Late-onset sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Diagnosis of late-onset sepsis can be challenging. The complete blood cell count and differential have been previously evaluated as diagnostic tools for late-onset sepsis in small, single-center reports. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the complete blood cell count and differential in late-onset sepsis in a large multicenter population. STUDY DESIGN:Using a cohort of all infants with cultures and complete blood cell count data from a large administrative database, we calculated odds ratios for infection, as well as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratios for various commonly used cut-off values. RESULTS:High and low white blood cell counts, high absolute neutrophil counts, high immature-to-total neutrophil ratios and low platelet counts were associated with late-onset sepsis. Associations were weaker with increasing postnatal age at the time of the culture. Specificity was highest for white blood cell counts <1000/mm and >50,000/mm (>99%). Positive likelihood ratios were highest for white blood cell counts <1000/mm (4.1) and platelet counts <50,000/mm (3.5). CONCLUSION:No complete blood cell count index possessed adequate sensitivity to reliably rule out late-onset sepsis in this population.
| S-EPMC3399981 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Growing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics for the treatment of late-onset sepsis (LOS) in premature infants has led physicians to use antibiotics that are not well studied in neonatal populations. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of colistin and fluoroquinolone for the treatment of persistent LOS. We retrospectively reviewed infants with gram-negative LOS, who received either colistin or fluoroquinolone therapy, to determine if there was a significant difference in kidney and liver function tests and electrolyte levels before, during, and at the end of the treatment. Infants who received colistin and fluoroquinolone had 17 and 34 positive cultures with gram-negative organisms, respectively. Multi-drug resistant organisms were more common in infants who received colistin than in those who received fluoroquinolone. Microbiological clearance was found to be higher in infants treated with fluoroquinolone than in those treated with colistin. In both the groups, the median levels of kidney and liver function tests and electrolytes showed a significant increase during the treatment. The prescription of colistin and fluoroquinolones should be reserved for cases with no other safe and effective alternatives.
| S-EPMC8463448 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposePulmonary hypertension (PH) in the newborn period is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Sepsis has been identified as an independent risk factor for PH in newborns. Data on the proportion and severity of PH in association with neonatal sepsis are scarce. This study was aimed to measure the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) in neonates with late onset sepsis (LOS) and to estimate the proportion of PH in neonatal sepsis using functional echocardiography (FnECHO).MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). All neonates admitted in the NICU with suspected LOS underwent FnECHO within 6 hours of onset of clinical signs and PASP was recorded. Pulmonary hypertension was defined as PASP of > 35 mmHg. PASP of neonates with positive culture results (proven LOS) was compared with that of gestational age-matched stable controls without sepsis.ResultsThirty three neonates with proven LOS were analysed (study group). Sixteen neonates (49%) in the study group had PH. Mean PASP of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (35.3 ± 10.13 mmHg and 12.58 ± 3.92 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.0001). None of the neonates in the control group had PH.ConclusionPulmonary artery pressure was higher in neonates with late onset neonatal sepsis as compared to that of stable babies without sepsis. Pulmonary hypertension was seen in nearly half of term as well as preterm neonates with late onset sepsis.
| S-EPMC9148354 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is thought to result from systemic spread of commensal microbes from the intestines of premature infants. Clinical use of probiotics for LOS prophylaxis has varied owing to limited efficacy, reflecting an incomplete understanding of relationships between development of the intestinal microbiome, neonatal dysbiosis and LOS. Using a model of LOS, we found that components of the developing microbiome were both necessary and sufficient to prevent LOS. Maternal antibiotic exposure that eradicated or enriched transmission of Lactobacillus murinus exacerbated and prevented disease, respectively. Prophylactic administration of some, but not all Lactobacillus spp. was protective, as was administration of Escherichia coli. Intestinal oxygen level was a major driver of colonization dynamics, albeit via mechanisms distinct from those in adults. These results establish a link between neonatal dysbiosis and LOS, and provide a basis for rational selection of probiotics that modulate primary succession of the microbiome to prevent disease.
| S-EPMC7250008 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEarly diagnosis of bacterial sepsis in neonates is hampered by non-specific symptoms and the lack of rapid responding laboratory measures. The biomarker soluble CD14 subtype (sCD14-ST) seems promising in the diagnostic process of neonatal sepsis. In order to evaluate the differences in diagnostic accuracy of sCD14-ST between early onset sepsis (EOS) and late onset sepsis (LOS) we assessed this systematic review and meta-analysis.ResultsTwelve articles were included in the systematic review and 10 in the meta-analysis. There was a high risk of bias on patient selection, index test and/or flow and timing. The overall quality of the included studies was moderate. At sepsis onset a consequently higher level of sCD14-ST was found in septic neonates compared to healthy controls with significant higher levels in LOS compared to EOS. In the first 24 h after sepsis onset a significant increase in pooled means of plasma sCD14-ST levels was seen in EOS (t(71.6) = 7.3, p < .0001) while this was not seen in LOS or healthy controls. Optimal cut-off values ranged from 305 to 672 ng/l for EOS cases versus healthy controls. The pooled sensitivity was 81% (95%CI: 0.76-0.85), the pooled specificity was 86% (0.81-0.89) with an AUC of 0.9412 (SE 0.1178). In LOS optimal cut-off values ranged from 801 to 885 ng/l with a pooled sensitivity of 81% (0.74-0.86) and a pooled specificity of 100% (0.98-1.00). An AUC and SROC was not estimable in LOS because of the low number of studies.ConclusionssCD14-ST is a promising and rapid-responding diagnostic biomarker for EOS and LOS. The difference in pooled means between EOS and LOS underlines the importance to consider EOS and LOS as two different disease entities, requiring separate analysis in original articles and systematic reviews.
| S-EPMC6547508 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe objective was to develop non-invasive predictive models for late-onset neonatal sepsis from off-the-shelf medical data and electronic medical records (EMR).DesignThe data used in this study are from 299 infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and evaluated for late-onset sepsis. Gold standard diagnostic labels (sepsis negative, culture positive sepsis, culture negative/clinical sepsis) were assigned based on all the laboratory, clinical and microbiology data available in EMR. Only data that were available up to 12 h after phlebotomy for blood culture testing were used to build predictive models using machine learning (ML) algorithms.MeasurementWe compared sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of sepsis treatment of physicians with the predictions of models generated by ML algorithms.ResultsThe treatment sensitivity of all the nine ML algorithms and specificity of eight out of the nine ML algorithms tested exceeded that of the physician when culture-negative sepsis was included. When culture-negative sepsis was excluded both sensitivity and specificity exceeded that of the physician for all the ML algorithms. The top three predictive variables were the hematocrit or packed cell volume, chorioamnionitis and respiratory rate.ConclusionsPredictive models developed from off-the-shelf and EMR data using ML algorithms exceeded the treatment sensitivity and treatment specificity of clinicians. A prospective study is warranted to assess the clinical utility of the ML algorithms in improving the accuracy of antibiotic use in the management of neonatal sepsis.
| S-EPMC3932458 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is essential to prevent severe complications and avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics. The mortality of neonatal sepsis is over 18%in many countries. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for the diagnosis of bacterial late-onset neonatal sepsis. METHODS:A case-control study was conducted at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand. Data were derived from the medical records of 52 sepsis cases and 156 non-sepsis controls. Only proven bacterial neonatal sepsis cases were included in the sepsis group. The non-sepsis group consisted of neonates without any infection. Potential predictors consisted of risk factors, clinical conditions, laboratory data, and treatment modalities. The model was developed based on multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS:The incidence of late proven neonatal sepsis was 1.46%. The model had 6 significant variables: poor feeding, abnormal heart rate (outside the range 100-180 x/min), abnormal temperature (outside the range 36o-37.9 °C), abnormal oxygen saturation, abnormal leucocytes (according to Manroe's criteria by age), and abnormal pH (outside the range 7.27-7.45). The area below the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve was 95.5%. The score had a sensitivity of 88.5% and specificity of 90.4%. CONCLUSION:A predictive model and a scoring system were developed for proven bacterial late-onset neonatal sepsis. This simpler tool is expected to somewhat replace microbiological culture, especially in resource-limited settings.
| S-EPMC7029566 | biostudies-literature