Dataset Information

Pro-Apoptotic Function Analysis of the Reaper Homologue IBM1 in Spodoptera frugiperda.

ABSTRACT: As an important type of programmed cell death, apoptosis plays a critical role in lepidopteran insects in response to various internal and external stresses. It is controlled by a network of genes such as those encoding the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. However, there are few studies on apoptosis-related genes in Spodoptera frugiperda. In this study, an orthologue to the Drosophila reaper gene, named Sf-IBM1, was identified from S. frugiperda, and a full-length sequence was obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR (RACE-PCR). The expression pattern of Sf-IBM1 was determined in different developmental stages and various tissues. Apoptotic stimuli including azadirachtin, camptothecin, and ultraviolet radiation (UV) induced the expression of Sf-IBM1 at both transcript and protein levels. Overexpression of Sf-IBM1 induced apoptosis in Sf9 cells, and the Sf-IBM1 protein was localized in mitochondria. The apoptosis induced by Sf-IBM1 could be blocked by the caspase universal inhibitor carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK) and Sf-IAP1. Our results provide valuable information that should contribute to a better understanding of the molecular events that lead to apoptosis in lepidopterans.

SUBMITTER: Shu B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7215429 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pro-Apoptotic Function Analysis of the Reaper Homologue IBM1 in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Shu Benshui B Zhang Jingjing J Veeran Sethuraman S Zhong Guohua G

International journal of molecular sciences 20200415 8

As an important type of programmed cell death, apoptosis plays a critical role in lepidopteran insects in response to various internal and external stresses. It is controlled by a network of genes such as those encoding the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. However, there are few studies on apoptosis-related genes in Spodoptera frugiperda. In this study, an orthologue to the Drosophila reaper gene, named Sf-IBM1, was identified from S. frugiperda, and a full-length seq ...[more]

PMID: 32326478

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Project description:Ascoviruses are large, enveloped DNA viruses that induce remarkable changes in cellular architecture during which the cell is partitioned into numerous vesicles for viral replication. Previous studies have shown that these vesicles arise from a process resembling apoptosis yet which differs after nuclear lysis in that mitochondria are not degraded but are modified by the virus, changing in size, shape, and motility. Moreover, infection does not provoke an obvious innate immune response. Thus, we used in vivo RNA sequencing to determine whether infection by the Spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus 1a (SfAV-1a) modified expression of host mitochondrial, cytoskeletal, and innate immunity genes. We show that transcripts from many mitochondrial genes were similar to those from uninfected controls, whereas others increased slightly during vesicle formation, including those for ATP6, ATP8 synthase, and NADH dehydrogenase subunits, supporting electron microscopy (EM) data that these organelles were conserved for virus replication. Transcripts from 58 of 106 cytoskeletal genes studied increased or decreased more than 2-fold postinfection. More than half coded for mitochondrial motor proteins. Similar increases occurred for innate immunity transcripts and their negative regulators, including those for Toll, melanization, and phagocytosis pathways. However, those for many antimicrobial peptides, such as moricin, increased more than 20-fold. In addition, transcripts for gloverin-3, spod_x_tox, Hdd23, and lebocin, also antimicrobial, increased more than 20-fold. Interestingly, a phenoloxidase inhibitor transcript increased 12-fold, apparently to interfere with melanization. SfAV-1a destroys most fat body cells by 7 days postinfection, so innate immunity gene transcripts apparently occur in remaining cells in this tissue and possibly other major tissues, namely, epidermis and tracheal matrix.IMPORTANCE Ascoviruses are large DNA viruses that infect insects, inducing a cellular pathology that resembles apoptosis but which differs by causing enormous cellular hypertrophy followed by cleavage of the cell into numerous viral vesicles for replication. Previous EM studies suggest that mitochondria are important for vesicle formation. Transcriptome analyses of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae infected with SfAV-1a showed that mitochondrial transcripts were similar to those from uninfected controls or increased slightly during vesicle formation, especially for ATP6, ATP8 synthase, and NADH dehydrogenase subunits. This pattern resembles that for chronic disease-inducing viruses, which conserve mitochondria, differing markedly from viruses causing short-term viral diseases, which degrade mitochondrial DNA. Though mitochondrial transcript increases were low, our results demonstrate that SfAV-1a alters host mitochondrial expression more than any other virus. Regarding innate immunity, although SfAV-1a destroys most fat body cells, certain immunity genes were highly upregulated (greater than 20-fold), suggesting that these transcripts may originate from other tissues.

Dataset Information

Pro-Apoptotic Function Analysis of the Reaper Homologue IBM1 in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Publications

Pro-Apoptotic Function Analysis of the Reaper Homologue IBM1 in <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>.

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