Variance estimation when using propensity-score matching with replacement with survival or time-to-event outcomes.

ABSTRACT: Propensity-score matching is a popular analytic method to estimate the effects of treatments when using observational data. Matching on the propensity score typically requires a pool of potential controls that is larger than the number of treated or exposed subjects. The most common approach to matching on the propensity score is matching without replacement, in which each control subject is matched to at most one treated subject. Failure to find a matched control for each treated subject can lead to "bias due to incomplete matching." To avoid this bias, it is important to identify a matched control subject for each treated subject. An alternative to matching without replacement is matching with replacement, in which control subjects are allowed to be matched to multiple treated subjects.

SUBMITTER: Austin PC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7217182 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature