Cellular adaptation to hypoxia through hypoxia inducible factors and beyond.

ABSTRACT: Molecular oxygen (O₂) sustains intracellular bioenergetics and is consumed by numerous biochemical reactions, making it essential for most species on Earth. Accordingly, decreased oxygen concentration (hypoxia) is a major stressor that generally subverts life of aerobic species and is a prominent feature of pathological states encountered in bacterial infection, inflammation, wounds, cardiovascular defects and cancer. Therefore, key adaptive mechanisms to cope with hypoxia have evolved in mammals. Systemically, these adaptations include increased ventilation, cardiac output, blood vessel growth and circulating red blood cell numbers. On a cellular level, ATP-consuming reactions are suppressed, and metabolism is altered until oxygen homeostasis is restored. A critical question is

SUBMITTER: Lee P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7222024 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature