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Thrombin activation of PAR-1 contributes to microvascular stasis in mouse models of sickle cell disease.

ABSTRACT: Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is the primary cause of morbidity and hospitalization in sickle cell disease (SCD); however, only 4 therapies (hydroxyurea, l-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxeletor) are currently approved in SCD. These agents limit the duration, severity, and frequency of crises. Activation of coagulation is a hallmark of SCD. Studies in animal models of SCD have shown that coagulation contributes to the chronic inflammation and end-organ damage associated with the disease; however, it is unknown whether coagulation directly contributes to the microvascular stasis that causes VOC. Herein, we demonstrate that inhibition of tissue factor (TF) and the downstream coagulation proteases factor Xa and thrombin significantly attenuates heme-induced microvascular stasis in mouse models of VOC. Pharmacologic inhibition of the principal thrombin receptor, protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), as well as deficiency of PAR-1 in all nonhematopoietic cells, also reduces stasis in sickle mice. PAR-1 deficiency was associated with reduced endothelial von Willebrand factor expression, which has been shown to mediate microvascular stasis. In addition, TF inhibition reduces lung vaso-occlusion in sickle mice mediated by arteriolar neutrophil-platelet microemboli. In sum, these results suggest that prophylactic anticoagulation might attenuate the incidence of VOC.

SUBMITTER: Sparkenbaugh EM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7225686 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Thrombin activation of PAR-1 contributes to microvascular stasis in mouse models of sickle cell disease.

Sparkenbaugh Erica M EM Chen Chunsheng C Brzoska Tomasz T Nguyen Julia J Wang Shaobin S Vercellotti Gregory M GM Key Nigel S NS Sundd Prithu P Belcher John D JD Pawlinski Rafal R

Blood 20200501 20

Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is the primary cause of morbidity and hospitalization in sickle cell disease (SCD); however, only 4 therapies (hydroxyurea, l-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxeletor) are currently approved in SCD. These agents limit the duration, severity, and frequency of crises. Activation of coagulation is a hallmark of SCD. Studies in animal models of SCD have shown that coagulation contributes to the chronic inflammation and end-organ damage associated with the disease; however, ...[more]

PMID: 31977004

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Project description:BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Effective therapy, early diagnosis, and intervention are still lacking. Non-drug therapy and lifestyle interventions have become important means to prevent the occurrence and progression of AD, with nutritional therapy being one such example. Nutritional therapy, as a non-pharmacological intervention for AD, has made significant progress and shown significant promise for the development of treatment regimens in recent years. Niacin is a critical vitamin available in the forms of nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinic acid (NA). In tissues, niacin is transformed into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which are involved in a variety of cellular processes. Recent researches indicate that niacin may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of aging, cancer, and metabolic illnesses.MethodsTo detect the mechanism of affection of niacin in AD, we found out GSE135999 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database which is microarray data containing samples of 24 wild-type (WT) and 24 APP/PS1 AD mice, given either nicotinamide riboside (NR; 12 mM) or nothing (CTR) in their drinking water. We conducted a more reliable data analysis method Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to confirm the central players (hub genes) and related pathways associated between niacin and AD. To validate the affection of niacin in AD mice, we selected 6 WT and 12 APP/PS1 transgenic mice, the 12 APP/PS1 mice were treated with a niacin acid supplement diet or normal food. Six months later, behavioral tests were performed.ResultsOur research revealed the hub genes and pathways involved in the enhancement of cognition in AD animal models with niacin supplementation, through transcriptomics analysis, systems biology technique and in vivo. The hub genes were Ctnnb1, Mdm2, Crebbp, Gnb2l1/RACK1 and Pten. The related pathways were circadian rhythm, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and long-term potentiation.ConclusionsA niacin supplementary diet may be a safe and simple choice for AD prevention and treatment. Niacin can enhance cognitive capacity in AD through a variety of mechanisms, among which Ctnnb1, Mdm2, Crebbp, Gnb2l1/RACK1 and Pten are significant.

Dataset Information

Thrombin activation of PAR-1 contributes to microvascular stasis in mouse models of sickle cell disease.

Publications

Thrombin activation of PAR-1 contributes to microvascular stasis in mouse models of sickle cell disease.

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